“领略”作为美学概念刍议——朱光潜与“领略”一词的词义变迁

“Appreciation”as an Aesthetic Concept:Zhu Guangqian and Meaning Change of the Word“Appreciation”

在《谈美》《给青年人的十二封信》《文艺心理学》等著作中,朱光潜多次使用“领略”一词,并将其与“趣味”“美”“情感”等范畴共同使用,实具特殊的中华美学和思想传统渊源。“领略”作为一个合成词,首见于晋代,表理解、要领之意。宋代以后,该词的使用出现了两种变化:一种是在宋明理学中,“领略”常常被负面性地使用,与“深思”相对,表示粗浅领会或草草理解;另一种是在宋代以来的诗词中,开始产生对自然风光、艺术作品、审美境界进行欣赏的意涵。至民国时期,在传统意涵的基础上,朱光潜将“领略”一词加以美学化阐释,界定为“在生活中寻出趣味”,与欣赏、创造和批评等艺术活动形成内在的逻辑关联,并得到感觉、直觉、知觉等审美心理机制的支撑。

In his works of“On Beauty”,“Twelve Letters to Young People”and“Psychology of Literature and Art”,Zhu Guangqian used the word“appreciation”many times,together with some category words such as“interest”,“beauty”and“emotion”,which is of special Chinese aesthetics origin and ideological tradition.As a compound word,“appreciation”was first seen in the Jin Dynasty,with the meaning of understanding and essentials.After the Song Dynasty,there have been two changes in the use of the word:one is often used in a negative way in the Song and Ming Neo Confucianism,as opposite to“deep thinking”,which means superficial understanding or rough understanding;the other refers to appreciating natural scenery,artistic works and aesthetic realm in the poetry since the Song Dynasty.In the period of the Republic of China,on the basis of the traditional meaning,Zhu Guangqian interpreted the word“appreciation”aesthetically,which was defined as“finding interest in life”.As a result,it developed internal logical connection with artistic activities such as appreciation,creation and criticism,and was supported by the psychological mechanism of aesthetic judgment such as feeling,intuition and perception.