无极而太极:从朱熹到陆象山的存有论衡定

Taiji out of Wuji:from Zhuxi's Explanation of Ontology to Lu Xiangshan's

朱熹与陆象山围绕《太极图说》展开的论辩中,关乎“无极而太极”的存有论认识牵涉到宋儒思想体系中的两个部分,第一是“道体”的性质,第二是工夫进路,对这两个问题的回答,基本上决定了宋儒价值体系的义理形态。因此,透过朱熹与陆氏兄弟所展开的论辩,可以厘清两者之存有学内容及其歧异。朱陆二人在存有论系统上的认知差异导致他们对“无极”采取了不同的观点。象山倾向于肯认一个圆满自足的天道作为他儒学存有论的价值根源,并以此为基础而开出工夫境界论,在他的义理架构中,“太极”本身已具备了完善而圆满的形上根源特殊性,故反对在“太极”之上再设一个“无极”;朱熹则着重于建构形而上的价值体系,他将无极与太极分立,赋予二者“异说同体”的特殊义理结构,并在此基础上阐明两者在道德形上体系中的相互关系。

Both Zhuxi and Lu Xiangshan argued about Explanations of Taiji Diagram.Their understanding of ontology concerned two parts of the Song Confucianism,with the first part about the nature of the world's origin,and the second about the approach to time.The answers to these two questions basically determined the rational form of Song Confucian value system.Therefore,through the arguments between Zhuxi and the Lu brothers,people can clarify the academic content of the ontology and their differences.The cognitive differences between Zhu and Lu in the ontological system caused them to adopt different views on"Wuji".Xiangshan tended to recognize a fully self-sufficient way of heaven as the value source of his Confucian ontology,and on this basis,developed the theory of the time realms.In his philosophical framework,"Taiji"itself had a perfect and complete metaphysical root peculiarities,so he refused to put another"Wuji"on top of"Taiji".However,Zhuxi focused on constructing a metaphysical value system.He separated“Wuji”and“Taiji”,and gave them a special meaning structure of"similar theory and the same body",and on this basis clarified the relationship between the two in the moral metaphysical system.