儿童及青少年的牙种植进展

Dental implant progress in children and adolescents

随着种植技术的飞速发展,种植修复是成年患者牙齿缺失后常规的治疗方案之一。严重牙体病变、外伤、肿瘤、发育异常等原因可造成儿童及青少年牙列缺损甚至牙列缺失。由于儿童及青少年处于生长发育期,种植时机、适应证的选择及预后不明确。本文回顾国内外针对儿童及青少年种植的研究报道,对这一争议性问题进行探索与思考。基于儿童及青少年自身特点,单牙缺失或缺失牙较少的牙列缺损患者应尽量采取正畸治疗或过渡性修复,在生长发育高峰期结束后进行种植手术,对严重牙列缺损或牙列缺失患者进行种植手术前应建立相关的评判准则,评估儿童及青少年种植治疗效果,采取多学科联合治疗,分阶段治疗及长期治疗。近年来文献多为个案及短期报道,长期效果需更多临床文献追踪随访。

With the rapid development of implant technology,implant restoration is a conventional treatment option for adult patients with tooth loss.Severe dental lesions,trauma,tumors,abnormal development and other reasons can cause dental defects and even dentition loss in children and adolescents.There has been hesitation to perform implant therapy for growing children because of the growth period;thus,little is known about the outcomes of the osseointegra⁃tion procedure in young patients.Therefore,this article reviews the current literature to discuss the use of dental im⁃plants in children and adolescents.According to current studies,orthodontic treatment or transitional restoration should be undertaken based on the characteristics of the children and adolescents.Implant surgery should be performed after the end of the peak growth period.For patients with severe dentition defects,relevant criteria should be established be⁃fore implant surgery to evaluate the effect of implant therapy in children and adolescents.The patients should be treated with a multidisciplinary,staged and long⁃term treatment approach.Most of the recent literature consists of case reports and short⁃term studies.There is an urgent need for more studies in this field with long⁃term follow⁃up.