秦汉都城瓦件的考古学研究

Archaeological Research on the Roof Tiles of the Capital Towns of the Qin-Han Periods

秦都咸阳城和西汉长安城为考古学研究提供了大量的建筑瓦件材料。本文使用统计学的方法,对各遗址出土瓦件尺寸进行统计,得到各时期瓦件的标准规格。统计分析显示秦汉时期瓦件标准规格存在阶段性变化,都城内部、都城与帝陵使用的瓦件存在一定的时空分布特点,瓦件标准化程度随时间的推移日趋提高,工匠熟练程度不断加强,匠作制度日益严格,这对于深入探讨秦汉手工业管理体系、建筑等级和礼仪制度起到推动作用。

Considerable numbers of roof-tiles have been found during the excavations at the Xianyang of the Qin period and Chang’an of the Western Han period.This paper employs statistical methods to analyze Qin-Han period rooftiles from various archaeological sites,through which the standard measurements of roof tiles dating to different periods were calculated.The results suggest that the standardization of roof-tiles proclution presents chronological changes.The measurements of roof tiles from locations inside the capital towns,the enclosing walls of the capital towns,and mausoleums also present spatial-temporal characteristics of standardization.Most importantly,this paper suggests that the degree of standardization was enhanced over time.The manufacturing skills were improved alongside the gradual formalization of the manufacturing system.The new understanding would stimulate more research on the management system of the Qin-Han craft industry,hierarchy of architectures,and ritual system.