魏晋南北朝时期砖瓦窑业技术及相关问题研究

Manufacturing Techniques of Bricks and Tiles of the Wei-Jin and Southern-Northern Dynasties and the Related Issues

魏晋南北朝时期的砖瓦窑炉类型较为丰富。建筑方式主要为半地穴式,余为地穴式。窑炉布局以单窑为主,另有少量双窑和串窑。窑场选址均位于建筑、墓葬近旁,以利运输。砖瓦生产的专业化程度很高,基本都为专门烧造,与陶器合烧的情况少见。在发现数量上,魏晋南北朝时期远少于秦汉、隋唐时期,似乎与该时期的政治、社会形势有关。在砖瓦窑炉的地域分布上,南方地区的发现数量更多,类型也更为丰富,其原因可能是该时期南方地区相对而言较为稳定,经济重心逐渐从北方转移到南方。

A wide variety of kilns for firing bricks and tiles dating to the Wei-Jin and Southern-Northern dynasties has been unearthed during previous excavations.The majority of them were semi-subterranean,while some of them were made of earth-pits.In terms of the layout,most of them had a single chamber.Kilns with double chambers or of chuanyao shape were relatively few.These kilns were located adjacent to buildings or cemeteries for the convenience of transportation.These features suggest a high extent of specialization in brick and tile production of the time,with only specific types of products being fired in these kilns.It is very rare to find tiles and ceramic vessels being fired in the same kiln,The overall number of kilns identified during this period was much lower than that of the Qin-Han and Sui-Tang periods.This situation should be related to the contemporarily political and social circumstances of the period.With regard to the spatial distribution,the discoveries in the south outnumbered those in the north,and demonstrated a wider variety of layouts and construction techniques.One possible reason for this was the relatively stable social environment in the south as well as the shifting of economic centers from the north to the south during this period.