贵州息烽农田黑线姬鼠种群最适温度与降雨区间分析

Effects of different meteorological factors on Apodemus agrarius population in farmland in Xifeng County,Guizhou Province

对贵州省息烽县1987—2017年鼠情监测资料和气象数据进行分析研究,结果表明,黑线姬鼠是息烽县农田区优势鼠种,气温和降雨条件对农田区黑线姬鼠种群数量有明显的影响,不同气象条件下稻田区和旱地区种群占比、种群数量变化趋势基本一致。气温对黑线姬鼠种群数量的影响呈双峰型,在16.1~19.0℃和22.1~25.0℃下捕获率较高,分别为4.45%、4.47%,在低温(1.0~4.0℃)或高温(25.1~28.0℃)条件下捕获率较低,其生命活动的活跃度降低,降雨量对黑线姬鼠种群数量的影响呈单峰型,当降雨量为180.0~210.0 mm时捕获率最高,为4.97%,降雨量较低(0~30.0 mm)或较高(240.0 mm以上)时,捕获率均表现较低。黑线姬鼠活动温度与降雨的最适宜区间值范围为22.1~25.0℃、180.0~210.0 mm。

In this study,we analyzed the population monitoring data of Apodemus agrarius and the meteorological data in Xifeng County of Guizhou Province from 1987 to 2017.The results showed that A.agrarius was the dominant species in the farmland of Xifeng County.Temperature and precipitation had an obvious influence on the population proportion and population size of A.agrarius in farmland.The population dynamics of A.agrarius in the paddy field and the dry land were similar under different weather conditions.The influence of temperature on the population of A.agrarius was bimodal.At the temperature of 16.1~19.0℃and 22.1~25.0℃,the population of A.agrarius peaked with a high capture rate of 4.45%and 4.47%.Under the condition of low temperature(1.0~4.0℃)or high temperature(25.1~28.0℃),the capture rate was low,and their activity decreased.While,the influence of precipitation on the population of A.agrarius was unimodal:when the amount of precipitation was 180.0~210.0 mm,the capture rate reached the highest,which was 4.97%.When the precipitation was lower(0~30.0 mm)or higher(more than 240.0 mm),the capture rate turned down.It can be inferred that the optimal temperature and precipitation conditions for A.agrarius population were 22.1~25.0℃and 180.0~210.0 mm.