联合国维和的退化与出路

The Devolution and Way Out of UN Peacekeeping

联合国维和经历了从冷战时期以维持和平为核心任务,到后冷战时期将维持和平与建设和平相结合的进化。自2010年以来,由于冲突形态变化、干涉主义影响、安理会授权轻率和大国操纵等原因,联合国维和发生了退化,从“维持和平—建设和平”模式退化到了“建立和平—维持和平”模式。维和退化的本质是安全方法替代政治方法,主导了联合国的冲突管理工作。联合国秘书长领导的改革还未解决维和退化的问题。新冠肺炎疫情既为联合国维和带来挑战,也是联合国扭转维和退化趋势的机遇。中国应当积极推动联合国维和回归进化的轨道。

The core mission of UN peacekeeping has evolved from maintaining peace during the Cold War period to maintaining peace and building peace during the Post-Cold War period.Since 2010,due to the changes in conflict forms,the influence of interventionism,the recklessness of the Security Council mandate and the manipulation of major powers,the practice of UN peacekeeping has been devoluted from the“maintaining peace—building peace”model to the“building peace—keeping peace”model.The essence of the peacekeeping devolution is that the political approach was replaced by the security approach,which has dominated UN conflict management work.Reforms led by UN Secretary-General have not yet addressed the problem of peacekeeping devolution.The COVID-19 epidemic presents both challenges and opportunities for UN to reverse the trend of peacekeeping develution.China should actively promote the return of the UN peacekeeping to the track of evolution.