卵巢衰老相关非编码RNA的研究进展

Research Progress of Non-Coding RNAs in Ovarian Aging

卵巢衰老是指女性卵巢储备功能逐渐衰退直至衰竭的过程,表现为卵泡数量减少和卵母细胞质量下降,从而影响卵巢内分泌功能和生育能力。卵泡数目减少可因卵泡发育障碍与闭锁加速导致,卵母细胞质量下降与DNA损伤修复失调、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍等有关。卵巢衰老的发生机制尚不明确,近年研究发现非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)作为功能性RNA分子参与卵巢功能的调控,在卵巢细胞分化、增殖、凋亡中发挥重要作用。ncRNA通过影响卵泡发育与闭锁、卵巢局部激素的合成与分泌等参与和调控卵巢衰老的发生。随着科学技术的不断进步,将有越来越多ncRNA在卵巢衰老中的调控机制被发现,为卵巢衰老的诊断和治疗提供新的思路。本文就卵巢衰老相关非编码RNA的研究进展进行综述。

Ovarian aging refers to the process of gradual decline of ovarian reserve before ovarian failure.The decreasing numbers of follicles and diminished oocyte quality are the main manifestations of ovarian aging,which reduces the ovarian endocrine function and female fertility.The impaired follicular development and accelerated follicle atresia lead to a decrease in the number of follicles,while the decline of oocyte quality is related to the disorder of DNA damage-repair,oxidative stress and the dysfunction of mitochondria.Although the mechanism of ovarian aging is still unclear,recent studies have found that non-coding RNAs(ncRNA)as a group of functional RNA molecules participate in the regulation of ovarian function,especially in the differentiation,proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cells.NcRNAs participate in the occurrence of ovarian aging by affecting follicular development and atresia,the synthesis and secretion of ovarian hormones.With the development of science and technology,more and more mechanisms of ncRNA in regulating ovarian aging will be discovered,providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian aging.This review focuses on the research progress of ncRNAs in ovarian aging.