日本近代公共卫生防疫体系的初建

The Initial Construction of Japan's Modern Public Health Epidemic Prevention System

明治十年代始,霍乱数度横行日本。内务省调整卫生行政,初建颇有成效,但疫情处理缓慢,警察介入协助处理。形成路径依赖后,内务省出现懒政思维,不愿探索更有预防性的措施。地方的防疫制度尽管逐渐完善,但因事权、财权不匹配,故效果不佳。东京所推出的卫生警察模式渐次渗透到地方上。卫生行政部门随时依据疫情发展和部门运作情况调整措施。在长与专斋的努力下,地方的卫生工会同警察、防疫基建工程协同运作,构成完备的防疫体系。

Since the Meiji period,cholera has been rampant in Japan several times.The Ministry of Internal Affairs adjusted the health administration,and the initial construction was quite effective,but the epidemic situation was handled slowly,and the police intervened to assist in handling it.After the formation of path dependence,lazy political thinking appeared in the Ministry of Internal Affairs,unwilling to explore more preventive measures.Although the local epidemic prevention system is gradually improved,the effect is not good due to the mismatch between the power of affairs and the power of finance.The health police model launched by Tokyo gradually penetrated into the local area.The health administrative department adjusts measures at any time according to the development of the epidemic situation and the operation of the department.With the efforts of Nagayose,local health trade unions work in concert with the police and epidemic prevention infrastructure projects to form a complete epidemic prevention system.