矿物电子能量协同微生物胞外电子传递与生长代谢

Mineral electronic energy cooperates with microbial extracellular electron transfer and growth metabolism

矿物是无机自然界吸收与转化能量的重要载体,其与微生物的胞外电子传递过程体现出矿物电子能量对微生物生长代谢与能量获取方式的影响。根据电子来源与产生途径,以往研究表明矿物中变价元素原子最外层或次外层价电子与半导体矿物导带上的光电子是微生物可以利用的两种不同胞外电子能量形式,其产生及传递方式与微生物胞外电子传递的电子载体密切相关。在协同微生物胞外电子传递过程中,矿物不同电子能量形式之间既有相似性亦存在着差异。反过来,微生物胞内-胞外电子传递途径也影响对矿物电子能量的吸收与获取,进而对微生物生长代谢等生命活动产生影响。本文在阐述矿物不同电子能量形式产生机制及其参与生物化学反应的共性和差异性特征基础上,综述了微生物获取矿物电子能量所需的不同电子载体类型与传递途径,探讨了矿物不同电子能量形式对微生物生长代谢等生命活动的影响,展望了自然条件下微生物利用矿物电子能量调节其生命活动、调控元素与能量循环的新方式。

Minerals are an important carrier for absorption and conversion of energy in the inorganic nature.The extracellular electron transfer between microorganisms and minerals reflects the influence of mineral electronic energy on microbial growth and energy acquisition.According to the source and generation of electrons,previous studies have shown that the outermost or sub-outer valence electrons of the variable elements in minerals and the photoelectrons on the conduction band of semiconductor minerals are two different forms of extracellular electron energy,which generation and transfer methods are closely related to the electron carrier of the microbe-mineral interaction interface and energy conversion mechanism.In the process of extracellular electron transfer between minerals and microorganisms,different forms of mineral electronic energy have both similarities and differences.In addition,microbial intracellular-extracellular electron transfer pathways also affect the absorption and acquisition of mineral electronic energy,which affects microbial growth metabolism and other life activities.In this paper,based on the mechanism of different mineral electron energy forms and the common and different characteristics of their participation in biochemical reactions,we review different electron carriers and transmission pathways required by microorganisms to obtain extracellular mineral electron energy,and discuss effects of different mineral electronic energy forms on growth metabolism of microorganisms and other life activities.Furthermore,we look forward to new ways for microorganisms to use mineral electronic energy under natural conditions,which can regulate microbial life activities,with elements and energy cycles promoted.