战后日本天皇出访的政策决定过程及政治内涵

The Policy Decision-making Process and Political Connotation of Postwar Overseas Visits by Japanese Emperors

战后日本回归国际社会后,保守政权希望通过天皇出访,重新打造天皇"国家元首"的形象。为实现天皇出访,日本政府首先提出"公事"的概念,讨论并制定了有关委任天皇国事行为的法案。继而,在天皇出访的政治实践上,在几届内阁的推动下,以访欧的尝试,开创了天皇出访的先例, 再以访美的实践,正式拉开"皇室外交"的历史帷幕。天皇出访名为"皇室国际亲善",但其蕴含的政治含义亦难掩饰。天皇出访不仅动摇了象征天皇制体系,实现了天皇形象"元首化"的政治目的,还以"皇室外交"为途径,重新诠释了天皇制度的政治内涵。与此同时,昭和天皇的战争责任问题再次受到关注。经过昭和、平成两个时代,"皇室外交"已被注入新的内涵。在令和时代,继承"平成流"的"皇室外交"、努力避免更多的政治利用,成为皇室的新课题。

After Japan returned to the international community after the war,the conservative regime attempts to rebuild the image of the“head of state”of the emperor through his overseas visit.The Japanese gov-ernment put forward the concept of“public affairs”,discussed and for-mulated the law of appointing the emperor's state affairs,which provid-ed the legal basis for the emperor's visit.Then under the relay of several administrations,the emperor's visit to Europe became a precedent and the“imperial diplomacy”formally started when the emperor visited the United States.The visit of emperor not only shakes the symbolic imperi-al system but also reinterprets the political connotation of the imperial system through the“imperial diplomacy”.Meanwhile,the issue of war responsibility of Emperor Showa has caused wide attention again,which makes Japan realize the necessity of facing up to the war responsibility theory from overseas.Having undergone the Showa and Heisei eras,Ja-pan's“Royal diplomacy”has been enriched with new connotation.In the new Reiwa era,the way of Japan's imperial family to inherit the“imperial diplomacy”of the“Heisei style”become a new focus.