联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产的学术史考释——基于从马拉喀什会议到《“代表作”计划》的演进线索

Researching into the History of Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO:The Historical Process from the Marrakech Meeting to the “Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” as a Case

现有联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产的学术史研究中,以1989年《保护民间创作建议案》和1997年《"宣布人类口头和非物质遗产代表作"计划》为核心的事件史梳理已经取得一定成果。相较于前者,既有研究对《"代表作"计划》的历史背景和发展脉络的关注仍显不足,对其与2003年《保护非物质文化遗产公约》之间内在联系的认识也相对滞后。就国际非物质文化遗产保护演进史的全面抽绎而言,将那些具有典型意义的事件纳入过程性分析,并从特定的历史脉络出发进行系统性阐释,或可有助于学界进一步建构对于国际文化政策演进基本过程的多向度认知。

In the study of the academic history of safeguarding the intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO,the central roles that the "Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore"in 1989 and the"Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity"in 1997 play in the formation of the 2003 Convention have been heavily emphasized.However,compared with the 1989 Recommendation,the attention that has been paid to the 1997 "Proclamation of Masterpieces"Program is far from enough,not to mention the extensive description and thorough study over its historical background and evolutionary process.In addition,the effort to recognize the inter-relationship between the"Proclamation of Masterpieces"Program and the Convention still lags.For a better understanding of the history of safeguarding ICH by UNESCO,it is recommended that due attention be paid to the process from the Marrakech Meeting to the"Proclamation of Masterpieces"Program,and to the analysis and interpretation of it in its own historical context.By doing so,the further multi-dimensional perception of the evolution of the international cultural policies could be expected and realized.