水利工程与神话建构:浙江宁绍地区“梅梁”传说的生成与演化

Water Conservancy Project and Myth Construction: The Formation and Evolution of the Legend of Meiliang in Ningshao Area, Zhejiang Province

"梅梁"传说是浙江宁绍地方神话典故,在流传过程中出现多个时空交叠与融合,这使得故事本身存在诸多的"粗糙"之处。绍兴禹庙梅梁、鄞县它山堰梅木与余姚梅澳湖梅木构成宁绍地区梅梁传说的三条主线,而三条主线寄生于区域内三种典型水利工程中。南宋以前宁绍地区水利以鉴湖为核心,梅梁传说集中在鉴湖区;南宋以后,梅梁传说出现在宁波鄞县最重要的水利工程它山堰中;北宋庆历以后杭州湾南岸大古塘修筑,南宋后期塘内农业开发渐趋成熟,梅梁故事被再发掘并显现于湖泊中。将神话请入水利工程是一种愿望的表达,梅梁故事背后承载着当地期望维持既有水利工程之目的。虽然此神话本体在构建中存在诸多解释悖论,却仍不影响其在宁绍地区的流传。

The legend of Meiliangis a local myth in Ningshao,Zhejiang Province.During its spreading process,there are multiple spatio-temporal overlaps and fusions,which makes the story itself"rough".Shaoxing Yumiao Meiliang,Tashan Weir Meimuand Yuyao Mei’ao Lake Meimuconstitute the three main lines of the legend of Meiliangin Ningshao,and the three main lines are parasitic in three typical water conservancy projects in this area.Before the Southern Song Dynasty,the water conservancy in Ningshao area was based on Jianhu Lake,and the legend of Meiliang was prevailing in Jianhu District.After the Southern Song Dynasty,this legend appeared in Tashan weir,the most important water conservancy project in Ningbo County.In the late Southern Song Dynasty,the agricultural development in the pond gradually matured,and the legend was rediscovered and appeared in the lake.Bringing the myth to water conservancy projects is an expression of people’s wishes.The legend of Meiliangcarried local desire to maintain existing water conservancy projects.Although there are many paradoxes of interpretation in the construction of this ontology of myth,it still does not affect its spread in Ningshao area.