社区高龄老年人社会认知与态度对压力管理的影响

Influence of social cognition and attitude of the oldest-old in community on stress management

(1)目的了解社区高龄老年人的社会认知与态度现状,探讨其对社区高龄老年人压力管理的影响。(2)方法 2016年7月~2017年1月采用分层随机整群抽样法选取河北省唐山市2家医院的10个社区卫生服务中心注册居民中年龄≥75岁的老年人为研究对象,对其一般资料、社会认知与态度进行入户调查,选用健康行为生活量表Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)评测压力管理得分,通过t检验、方差分析和多元线性回归分析等,对社区高龄老年人的社会认知与态度对压力管理的影响。(3)结果本次共发放问卷3612份,回收有效问卷3448份。3448名社区高龄老年人压力管理得分为(19.60±3.848)分,条目均分为(2.45±0.481)分。多元线性回归分析显示性别、年龄、文化程度、性格、积极面对生活、生活幸福感、是否与人倾诉、对生老病死的态度、对养老发展的态度是社区高龄老年人压力管理的影响因素,t值分别为-2.424、-4.808、5.094、-2.809、-2.187、-13.750、1.983、4.274、-3.712,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)结论性别、年龄、文化程度和性格是社区高龄老年人压力管理水平的影响因素,社会认知与态度也对压力管理水平有影响,对此我们应帮助老年人树立正确的社会认知和态度,同时摒弃社会对老年人的刻板印象,促进和发展不分年龄的和谐老龄化社会。

Objective To understand the current status of the oldest-old in the community’s social cognition and attitudes, and exploring its impact on the stress management of the oldest-old in the community.Methods We used the stratified random cluster sampling method to select the elderly age≥75 years from the registered residents of 10 community health service centers in 2 hospitals in Tangshan City.We conduct home visit surveys on general information, social cognition and attitudes of the oldest-old from July 2016 to January 2017.Used the HPLP-II to evaluate stress management scores,the t-test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis of the effects of social cognition and attitudes on the management of stress among the oldest-old in the community.Results A total of 3612 questionnaires were distributed and 3448 valid questionnaires were collected. The stress management scores of 3448 senior citizens in the community were(19.60±3.848), and the items were all divided into(2.45±0.481).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, education, personality, positive to face life, happiness in life, whether to confide to someone, attitude towards birth, illness and death, attitudes to pension development are the influencing factors of stress management for the oldest-old in the community.(t=-2.424,-4.880, 5.094,-2.809,-2.187,-13.750, 1.983, 4.274,-3.712), and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Not only gender, age, education and personality are the factors that affect the level of stress management of the oldest-old in the community, but also social cognition and attitudes have an impact on the level of stress management,In this regard, we should help the elderly to establish correct social perceptions and attitudes, at the same time abandon the stereotypes of the society, and promote and develop a harmonious aging society regardless of age.