中国省际绿色技术进步偏向异质性及影响因素研究——基于一种新的Malmquist-Luenberger多维分解指数

Heterogeneity and the influencing factors of provincial green-biased technological progress in China:based on a novel Malmquist-Luenberger multidimensional decomposition index

作为全要素生产率的重要组成,技术进步及其在资源环境等不同要素间的偏向对我国经济发展具有重要影响。考虑区域绿色生产技术差异,论文构建了一种新的Malmquist-Luenberger多维分解指数模型,该模型不仅能够识别出绿色技术进步是否存在投入与产出的组间偏向,而且对投入要素群及产出要素群组内偏向具有较好的辨别能力。论文以2005-2017年为时间跨度,选取我国30个省份进行绿色技术进步测度,对涵盖劳动力、资本、能源的投入要素群与包括污染物排放与GDP的产出要素群的组间及组内偏向特征予以分析,并给出引致绿色技术进步及其偏向的作用机制。研究发现:①中性绿色技术进步与投入偏向性绿色技术进步对区域技术水平提高具有促进作用,能够使技术水平年均上升0.57%和1.43%,但产出偏向性绿色技术进步在一定程度上抑制了区域技术水平的进一步提升,年均下降0.49%。②从投入要素群组内偏向来看,自西向东,资本密集使用、劳动与能源节约的要素驱动特征逐渐显著,产出要素群多表现出环境友好型技术进步特征。③对绿色偏向性技术进步异质性形成机理的研究发现,能源结构调整大幅度改善了中性绿色技术进步而对投入偏向性绿色技术进步存在抑制作用,但这一抑制相对有限,仅为促进作用的49.09%;产业结构的变动趋向于整体性的提高资源配置的高级化与合理化,即形成中性绿色技术进步而对投入及产出偏向性绿色技术进步存在负面影响;外贸依存度对产出偏向性绿色技术进步的影响为正;环境规制引导了企业绿色技术革新,可能对生产性资本临时占用而对当期中性绿色技术进步有抑制作用,但对投入偏向性技术进步及下一期的中性技术进步具有正向影响。

As an important component of total factor productivity,technological progress and its biases among different factors such as resources and environment have a significant influence on China’s economic development.Considering the differences in regional green production technologies,a novel Malmquist-Luenberger multidimensional decomposition index model was constructed to not only identify the inter-group green technological progress biases between input and output,but also identify the intra-group element biases between input factors or output factors.This paper measured the green technological progress of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2017,and analyzed the inter-group and intra-group biases of input element group including labor,capital and energy,and output element group including pollutant and GDP.We also analyzed the influencing factors of green-biased technological progress.The major conclusions are as follows:①Neutral green technological progress and input-oriented green technological progress could improve regional technology,with increasing green technological progress by 0.57%and 1.43%every year,respectively,while output-oriented green technological progress inhibited regional technology development to a certain extent,which decreased 0.49%annually.②From the perspective of the input element group,from west to east,the characteristics of capital-using,labor-saving and energy-saving became more and more obvious.From the perspective of the output element group,technological progress mostly showed environmentally-friendly biased characteristics.③We also explored the formation mechanism of green-biased technological progress and found that the adjustment of energy structure significantly improved neutral green technology and had an inhibitory effect on outputoriented green technological progress but this inhibiting effect was relatively limited,at 49.09%of the facilitating effect.The adjustment of industrial structure tended to comprehensively realize the advancement and rationalization of resource allocation,that is,the upgrading of the industrial structure promoted the progress of neutral green technology while suppressing the input-oriented and output-oriented green technological progress.The dependence of foreign trade could promote output-oriented green technological progress.Environmental regulation promoted green technological innovation of enterprises,which might provisionally occupy the productive capital and inhibit the homochromous neutral green technology,but this activity had a positive impact on input-oriented green technological progress and the next stage of neutral green technological progress.