长三角地区创新型人力资本对绿色全要素生产率的影响——基于空间杜宾模型的实证分析

The effect of innovative human capital on green total factor productivity in the Yangtze River Delta:an empirical analysis based on the spatial Durbin model

面对粗放式经济发展导致的资源与环境问题,中国提出创新驱动和绿色发展战略。创新型人力资本是创新驱动的动力源泉,提高绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)可以实现资源与环境约束条件下的可持续发展。本文在长三角区域一体化国家战略背景下,基于长三角地区2000-2018年间的面板数据,利用三种权重矩阵分别构建空间杜宾模型,从全区域和分区域两个方面研究创新型人力资本对GTFP的空间效应,探讨创新型人力资本在长三角区域经济一体化绿色发展中的作用。研究结果表明:①各地区创新型人力资本水平和GTFP水平均存在显著差异,长三角东部和南部地区水平较高,西部和北部地区水平较低。②从全区域回归结果来看,增加创新型人力资本投入对GTFP水平提升具有阻碍作用,这可能是由于地区间创新型人力资本的“虹吸效应”、技术创新诱导的“回弹效应”所致。③从分区域的回归结果来看,高GTFP地区依靠创新型人力资本空间溢出效应形成区域增长极,低GTFP地区依靠增加创新型人力资本投入提升自身GTFP水平,由此显示出创新型人力资本可能存在“孤岛效应”。④其他影响因素:财政投资、对外开放度、城镇化率、基础设施等均未显示出对GTFP的促进作用;产业集聚对于高GTFP地区的绿色发展显示出阻碍作用,对于低GTFP地区的绿色发展具有一定促进作用;信息化对全区域GTFP水平提升具有显著促进作用;增强环境规制、减小污染物排放量有利于GTFP水平提升,但是提高污染物去除率对GTFP作用不明显。据此提出推动长三角区域经济一体化绿色发展的政策建议:增强创新型人力资本空间外溢扩散效应,发挥高层次人才在绿色技术应用和推广中的作用,构建区域协同创新体系和绿色发展生态环境,实现GTFP区域联动提升。

In view of the resource and environment problems caused by extensive economic growth,China has proposed innovation-driven green development strategies.Innovative human capital is the driving force of innovation-driven development,and the improvement of green total factor productivity(GTFP)can bring about sustainable development of economy under the constraints of resources and environment.In the context of the national strategy of regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta,this article first constructed the spatial Durbin model with three weight matrixes based on the panel data(2000-2018)of the Yangtze River Delta region.Then,it studied the spatial effect of innovative human capital on the GTFP from the aspect of the whole region and that of different sub-regions,in order to seek the function of innovative human capital on the regional integration green development of the Yangtze River Delta.The study results showed that:①There were significant differences in innovative human capital and GTFP levels among different regions,with high levels in the eastern region and low levels in the northwest region.②From the aspect of the whole region,the innovative human capital showed obstruction on GTFP growth,which was probably a result from the Siphonic Effect of innovative human capital and the Rebound Effect induced by technological innovation.③In the high GTFP region,the regional growth pole was formed by spatial spillover effect of innovative human capital,and in the low GTFP region,the fast GTFP growth relied on innovative human capital in the cities themselves,which suggested that there was the Islanding Effect of innovative human capital.④Other elements,such as financial investment,opening to the outside world,urbanization and infrastructure,were not beneficial to GTFP;industry aggregation was beneficial to the low GTFP region but not beneficial to the high GTFP region;informatization could drive the GTFP growth dramatically for the region as a whole;reducing pollution could be conducive to GTFP growth but increasing pollution removal rate could not.Based on the results,this article proposed the following policy suggestions to promote the green development of regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta:enhancing the spatial spillover diffusion effect of innovative human capital,exerting the potential of high-level talents for green technology application and promotion,and establishing the synergistic innovation system and ecological environment for green development,so as to achieve the promotion of GTFP regional coordination.