生态问责制度对政商关系转型的影响分析

The impact of ecological accountability on the transformation of government-business relationship

生态文明建设的关键点在于探索行之有效的生态环境监管体制,力求规范企业污染并监督地方治理主体,打破政企环境套利空间,因此转变政商关系实现经济高质量发展是当前研究前沿重点。以2015-2018年中央环保督察组完成首轮31省区市巡视问责为契机,研究针对各省区市不同入驻时间采用多期双重差分法,以可能产生污染的行业上市公司为样本探讨了生态问责对政商关系产生的影响。研究结果显示:①地方政府在经历生态问责后发放政府补助时会更加谨慎,尤其减少软约束性补助,但不会降低对公司环保创新的扶持。②生态问责同时具备了强政治压力与环境规制执法的双重影响,细分研究发现其中生态问责的政治压力作用强于环境规制作用。③进一步的,企业政治联系中产权性质与聘用具有政治背景高管均会影响生态问责效力。相对于非国有企业,国有企业能够避免生态问责影响。因聘用具备政治背景的高管而获得的财政补贴在生态问责下难以保持。④地方对企业的高财政依赖会抵消生态问责效力,但在面对政治压力时地方财政影响无效。⑤对污染治理投资结构优劣不同的地区生态问责的作用存在着显著差异。该研究表明生态问责迫使地方政府将地区环境纳入维持政治稳定的考量,削弱了地方以往建立的政商关系,并约束地方的任意性行为,优化地方资源配置,开始树立新型政商关系。

The key point of ecological civilization construction is to explore an effective ecological environment supervision system,to standardize corporate pollution,to supervise the local governments,and to break the government-enterprise environment arbitrage space.Therefore,changing the relationship between government and business to achieve high-quality economic development has become a focus of current research.In 2015-2018,the central environmental inspection group of the CPC Central Committee completed the first round of inspection of 31 provinces and cities.On the basis of this event,this paper adopts the multiphase DID method according to different starting times of the inspection and explores the impact of eco-accountability on the government-business relationship by taking listed companies in industries that may cause pollution as samples.The results show that:①Local governments are more cautious when granting government subsidies after experiencing eco-accountability;they tend to reduce the soft-binding subsidies,but not reduce the support for corporate environmental innovation.②Ecological accountability has the dual effect of strong political pressure and environmental regulation,and the effect of political pressure is stronger than that of environmental regulation.③Furthermore,the nature of corporate ownership and the hiring of politically connected executives can affect the effectiveness of ecological accountability.Compared with non-state-owned companies,state-owned companies can avoid the impact of ecological accountability.The government subsidies companies receive for hiring politically connected executives have been significantly reduced after ecological accountability.④High financial dependence on listed companies counteracts the effect of eco-accountability,but it is ineffective in the face of political pressure.⑤There are significant differences in the effects of eco-accountability in different investment structures of pollution control.The study shows that eco-accountability forces local governments to take regional environmental performance into account in maintaining political stability,weakening the established political-business relationship.Only by restricting the local arbitrary behavior and optimizing the allocation of local resources,can a new type of government-business relationship begin to be established.