大叶千斤拔、宽叶千斤拔、腺毛千斤拔生药学鉴别

Pharmacognostic Identification of Moghania macrophylla(Willd.)O.Kuntze,M. Latifolia Benth. and M. glutiaosa(Prain)Y.T.Wei.

【目的】对大叶千斤拔、宽叶千斤拔、腺毛千斤拔进行生药学鉴别,为其开发和应用提供科学依据。【方法】采用原植物、性状、显微鉴别方法。【结果】3种千斤拔原植物、性状、显微特征有明显区别。大叶千斤拔叶柄具狭翅,幼枝等密被紧贴丝质柔毛,花序等被灰色或灰褐色柔毛;宽叶千斤拔的叶片宽卵形;腺毛千斤拔的小枝、花序等密被基部膨大的金黄色长腺毛和灰色柔毛,果实基部膨大的被淡黄色腺毛。3种千斤拔根、茎、叶、叶柄组织切片中均可见草酸钙方晶和大量棕色或红棕色内含物,大叶千斤拔和宽叶千斤拔根、茎、叶、叶柄组织切片中草酸钙方晶较腺毛千斤拔少,宽叶千斤拔更甚之。腺毛千斤拔茎和叶的组织切片中含有腺毛和较多、较长的非腺毛。3种千斤拔根、茎、叶粉末颜色不同,腺毛千斤拔根、茎、叶粉末中草酸钙方晶较多。【结论】所采用方法能够有效鉴别大叶千斤拔、宽叶千斤拔、腺毛千斤拔。

Objective To identify the pharmacognostic features in M. macrophylla(Willd.)O.Kuntze,M. Latifolia Benth. and M. glutiaosa(Prain)Y.T.Wei, and to provide the scientific evidences of their identification and application. Methods The original botany identification, morphological identification and microscopic identification were adopted. Results There were various differences in original botany, morphological, and microscopiccharacteristicsofM. macrophylla(Willd.)O.Kuntze,M. Latifolia Benth. and M. glutiaosa(Prain)Y.T.Wei.The petioles of M. macrophylla(Willd.)O.Kuntze were narrow winged,the young branches were densely covered with silky villi,and the inflorescences were covered with gray or gray brown villi;The leaf blades of M. Latifolia Benth. were broad ovate;The branchlets and inflorescences of M. glutiaosa(Prain)Y.T.Wei were densely covered with golden yellow glandular hairs and gray hairs,and inflated base of fruits were covered with faint yellow hairs.In the tissue sections of roots, stems, leaves and petioles of the three species of plants, the calcium oxalate crystals and a large number of brown or reddish brown inclusions were seen. The calcium oxalate crystals from the tissue sections of roots, stems, leaves and petioles of M. macrophylla(Willd.) O.Kuntze and M. Latifolia Benth. were less than those of M. glutiaosa(Prain)Y.T.Wei,even those of M. Latifolia Benth. were less. There were glandular hairs and more and longer non-glandular hairs from the tissue sections of stems and leaves of M.glutiaosa(Prain)Y.T.Wei. The powder color of the roots, stems and leaves of the three species of plants was different. There were more calcium oxalate crystals in the powder of M. glutiaosa(Prain)Y.T.Wei. Conclusion M.macrophylla(Willd.)O.Kuntze,M. Latifolia Benth. and M. glutiaosa(Prain)Y.T.Wei can be identified by the above methods.