珠三角地区PM2.5与人群急性咳嗽关系

Association of PM with acute cough in seven communities in the Pearl River Delta

目的研究空气中PM2.5对人群急性咳嗽的短期效应。方法2017年11月至2018年2月,在广东省珠三角地区7个社区进行居民环境与健康问卷调查,询问调查对象过去2周急性咳嗽症状的发生情况,同时收集各社区对应时期每日空气污染和气象资料。采用二水平logistic回归分析方法分析7个社区居民急性咳嗽症状的发生与近期PM2.5暴露水平的关系。结果共调查7151人,其中223例(发生率为3.12%)在调查日过去2周出现急性咳嗽症状。PM2.5暴露对社区人群急性咳嗽发生具有统计学意义的短期效应,效应持续时间为7 d。其中PM2.5滞后1 d的健康效应最大,PM2.5每升高10μg/m3对应的OR值为1.21(95%CI:1.06~1.37);PM2.5滑动平均0~4 d的效应最大(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.05~1.37)。人群分层结果显示,女性(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.04~1.50)发病风险高于男性(OR=1.10,95%CI:0.92~1.33)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PM2.5可短期内增加当地居民急性咳嗽的风险,而且女性发生急性咳嗽的风险更高。

Objective To exlpore the short-term effect of ambient fine particle matter(PM2.5)on the incidence of acute cough.Methods A questionnaire survey on environment and health was conducted among residents in seven communities in three cities in the Pearl River Delta from November 2017 to February 2018,to investigate the occurrence of acute cough symptoms two weeks prior to the survey.Data of daily air pollution and weather of the communities were also collected simultaneously.Two-level logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between PM2.5 and occurrence of acute cough.Results A total of 7151 residents were surveyed,and 223(3.12%)of them had acute cough symptoms in the past two weeks.A significant short-term effect of exposure to PM2.5 on acute cough was observed,with a delayed effect for seven days.The odds ratio(OR)was 1.21(95%CI:1.06,1.37)for each increment of 10μg/m3 in PM2.5 on lag day1,and the effect of PM2.5 sliding average was the highest(OR=1.19;95%CI:1.05,1.37)from lag day 0 to lag day 4.The stratified analyses revealed that a higher risk of onset was observed in females(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.04,1.50)than that in males(OR=1.10,95%CI:0.92,1.33)(P<0.05).Conclusion PM2.5 can increase the risk of acute cough in the short term,and women had higher risk of acute cough induced by PM2.5 exposure.