台山市中学生心理健康状况趋势分析与影响因素研究

Trend analysis and influencing factors of mental health status of middle school students in Taishan

目的了解台山市中学生的心理健康现状、变化趋势和影响因素,为有效开展中学生心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,以《中学生心理健康量表》和《广东青少年健康危险行为监测调查表》为工具分别在2016年和2019年对台山市中学生进行调查,对结果进行描述性分析,并采用多因素logistic回归分析方法对台山市中学生健康危险行为对心理健康问题的影响因素进行分析。结果2016、2019年共对台山市中学生1901人进行调查,2016年979人,男生556人,女生423人,2019年922人,男生468人,女生454人。年龄12~20岁,平均年龄16岁。该学生人群心理健康问题发生率2019年(39.15%)较2016年(31.87%)高,女生(40.48%)较男生(31.05%)高,高中生(45.30%)较初中生(30.69%)、职中生(30.10%)高(均P<0.01)。2019年女生、高中生、职中生心理健康总均分均高于2016年(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2016、2019年具有缺乏运动(OR=1.957、2.333)、伤害自己(OR=2.144、2.289)、自杀意念(OR=3.347、3.270)、网络成瘾(OR=4.185、10.592)、2016年具有不健康饮食(OR=1.727)、2019年具有赌博(OR=2.034)健康危险行为的中学生有心理健康问题风险更高。结论台山市中学生心理健康问题发生率呈现上升趋势,应在提高中学生心理健康水平的同时加强对其健康危险行为的综合干预。

Objective To understand current mental health status and explore changing trend and influencing factors of middle school students in Taishan City,so as to provide scientific basis of effective mental health education for middle school students.Methods Based on the"Mental Health Scale for Middle School Students"and"Health Risk Behavior Monitoring Questionnaire for Adolescents in Guangdong Province",multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the middle school students in Taishan City in 2016 and 2019 separately.Data were descriptively analyzed.Factors influencing health risk behaviors on mental health among middle school students in Taishan City were determined by multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 1901 middle school students in Taishan were surveyed in2016 and 2019.In 2016,there were 979 students,including 556 boys and 423 girls.In 2019,there were 922 students,including 468 boys,and 454 girls.Their ages were 12-20 years,with an average age of 16 years.The incidence of mental health problems among the students in 2019(39.15%)was higher than that in 2016(31.87%).The incidence of mental health problems of girls(40.48%)was higher than that of boys(31.05%),that of senior high school students(45.30%)was higher than that of junior high school students(30.69%)and that of vocational middle school students(30.10%)(P<0.01 for all).The average scores of mental health of girl students,high school students,and vocational middle school students in 2019 were higher than those in 2016(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Both in 2016 and 2019,students with behaviors of lack of exercise(OR=1.957,2.333),self injury(OR=2.144,2.289),suicidal ideation(OR=3.347,3.270),internet addiction(OR=4.185,10.592),unhealthy diet(OR=1.727)in 2016,gambling in 2019(OR=2.034)had higher risk of mental health problems.Conclusion The incidence of mental health problems of middle school students in Taishan City showed an upward trend.Comprehensive interventions should be strengthened on health risk behaviors of the middle school students,to improve their mental health.