南方政府与美国山克公司1921年实业借款交涉研究

The Research on the Negotiation of Industrial Loan between the Southern Government and American Shank's Company in 1921

1921年,孙中山代表南方政府与美国芝加哥企业家山克(George H.Shank)及其公司签订了总额为一亿美元的实业借款初步意向合同,以公债方式在美国境内发行,但最终未能成功。山克公司陷于美国政界、金融界、商界及其他利益团体之间复杂的关系网,始终难敌美国政府外交政策的阻碍。尽管其积极寻求媒介宣传造势,甚至谋求政府外交政策的调整,一定程度上赢得美国政商界的持续关注,但最终无法摆脱失败的命运。此一失败个案不仅反映了美国中小企业如何在美国大财团倾轧和中国南北分裂的态势下谋求在华发展,也体现出企业投资与政府外交之间的互动关系,更进一步揭示出20世纪20年代初期中美经济关系的另一个面向。

In 1921,Sun Yat Sen,on behalf of the Southern government,signed a preliminary agreement with George H.Shank,a Chicago entrepreneur,and his company,for a total amount of$100 million in industrial loan,which was issued in the United States in the form of government bonds,but it failed in the end.Shank's company was trapped in a complex network of relationships with American political,financial,business and other interest parties,and had always been unable to escape the obstruction of the foreign policy of the U.S.government.Shank was unable to get rid of the fate of failure eventually,although he actively sought media propaganda,even strived for the adjustment of the government's foreign policy,and to some extent,won the continuous attention of the U.S.government and business circles.This case of failure not only reflects how the small and medium-sized enterprises in the United States seek development in China under the situation of the monopoly of American financial groups and the North-South split of China,but also indicates the interaction between enterprise investment and government diplomacy,and further reveals another aspect of the economic relationship between China and the United States in the early 1920s.