天启北京户部宝泉局鼓铸研究——以《宝泉新牍》为考察中心

Research on the Casting Currency of Baoquan Bureau in Beijing Ministry of Revenue during the Tianqi Period of Ming Dynasty:Focusing on Baoquan Xindu

《宝泉新牍》,系陈于廷辑录其担任户部右侍郎时的公牍档案所成。此书记载了天启年间户部宝泉局的鼓铸事宜,是研究天启钱法的宝贵史料。从《宝泉新牍》提供的资料来看,天启前期北京户部宝泉局通过鼓铸获得了较大利润。为了争夺铸利,工部时常就铜料问题向户部发难。天启钱币滥恶的原因历来被归咎于官方的掠夺,但造成天启钱滥恶的因素是多方面的。从铜本来源来看,各地解进户部铜料存在掺假,铸钱质量难以保证。在铸造过程中,由于官局监管乏力,炉头私杂铅砂的行为亦在所难免。另外,民间假钱以假淆真,也极大损害了官钱的声誉。

Baoquan Xindu was compiled by Chen Yuting when he worked in the ministry of revenue in feudal China.This book records the casting of money by Baoquan bureau and is valuable information for studying the Tianqi coin.According to the data provided in Baoquan Xindu,the Baoquan Bureau made a large profit through the Casting Currency in the early days of the Tianqi.In order to compete for profits,the ministry of works in feudal China often challenged the ministry of revenue in feudal china on the issue of copper.Academia has always attributed the poor quality of Tianqi coin to official plunder and criticized them.In fact,there are many factors contributing to the poor quality of the Tianqi coin.Judging from the source of copper,the copper materials transported to Baoquan Bureau in various places are adulterated,which makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of coins.In the casting process,due to lack of supervision,it is inevitable that workers adulterate without permission.In addition,the popularity of fake coin among the people,which confuses truth with falsehood,has also greatly damaged the reputation of official coin.