基于夜间灯光数据的东北三省城市空间格局演变研究

Evolution of urban spatial patterns in the three provinces of Northeast China based on the nighttime light data

基于1992年、1997年、2002年、2007年、2012年和2017年夜间灯光数据提取得到东北三省的城市建成区,计算了各省及整体灯光重心位置,统计了各类资源型城市的灯光总量等指标的变化情况并讨论了灯光变化的影响因素。利用对数变换将DMSP和VIIRS夜间灯光数据的DN值变换到同一范围,从而提高了研究的时效性。结果表明:得益于区位、交通、政策等优势,近25年来,沈阳、大连、哈尔滨和长春等区域中心城市持续发展,对灯光重心的拉动作用明显且不断增强,各省的灯光重心及东北三省整体灯光重心均向哈尔滨-长春-沈阳一线靠拢。非资源型城市与资源型城市的发展差距逐步加大,且资源型城市整体发展较为缓慢。在非资源型城市中,沈阳、大连、哈尔滨和长春的灯光总量始终保持较快增长,与其他城市相比始终保持绝对优势。资源再生型城市的发展情况各不相同,内部差异尚不明显。资源成熟型城市个体间差异逐步加大,而资源衰退型城市之间的差异较小。整体上,东北三省城市发展的两极分化和区域不均衡现象愈加突出。

Logarithmic transformation is used to transform the gray values of two kinds of nighttime light data into the same range,which improves the timeliness of the study. Based on the nighttime light data of1992,1997,2002,2007,2012 and2017,the urban built-up areas in the three provinces of Northeast China are extracted. In this paper,the position of light center in the three provinces and the whole Northeast China has been counted,the changes of the total amount of light in various resource-based cities have been counted also,and the influence factors of light changing has been discussed. The results show that Shenyang,Dalian,Harbin and Changchun have been developing continuously in the past25 years and have a pull effect on the light obviously and increasingly. The light center of each province and the whole Northeast China are close to a line of Harbin-Changchun-Shenyang. The development gap between non-resource-based cities and resource-based cities gradually increases,and the overall development of resource-based cities is relatively slow. The total amount of light in Shenyang,Dalian,Harbin and Changchun has always maintained rapid growth,and has always maintained absolute advantages with other cities within non-resource-based cities. The development of resource-renewable cities is different and the internal differences are not obvious. Individual differences between resource-mature cities are gradually increasing,while those between resource-declining cities are relatively small. On the whole,the polarization and regional imbalance of urban development in the three provinces of Northeast China are becoming more and more prominent.