基于TOPSIS和热点分析的都汶公路沿线地质生态环境承载力评价

Evaluation of geological and ecological environment carrying capacity along Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway based on TOPSIS and hotspot analysis

针对山区公路沿线复杂地质生态环境动态变化等问题,以都江堰-汶川公路沿线区域为研究对象,提出了一种基于承载力综合质量和空间聚类关系对区域地质生态环境承载力评价的方法,实现了对具有地质灾害易发特点的山区公路沿线区域承载力状况的科学评价。通过自然-环境-人文模型构建区域承载力状况评估指标体系,借助层次分析法确定各评价指标因子的权重,采用TOPSIS算法(逼近理想解排序方法)进行计算并加权叠加得到承载力综合质量状况,结合热点分析的结果对研究区的承载力状况进行等级划分。结果表明:研究区的地质环境、生态环境、社会经济承载力质量空间分布皆呈现出高度聚集性,划入适宜建设区的面积占比31.12%,后备调控区的面积占比31.98%,不宜建设区面积占比36.79%,研究区内的映秀镇、漩口镇和都江堰所组成的三角区呈现大面积的高值聚集区,承载力综合质量好,空间聚集度高,利于规划建设。评价结果为区域承载力准确评价和空间利用格局研究提供了新思路,也可为防灾减灾工作提供参考。

Aiming at the dynamic changes of complex geological and ecological environment along the mountain highways,in this paper,the area along the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway was taken as a research object,and a method was proposed of evaluating regional scientific ecological environmental bearing capacity based on comprehensive quality and comprehensive quality clustering relationship to achieve the scientific evaluation of the bearing capacity of mountainous highways with geological disasters. The natural-environment-humanity model was used to construct the regional carrying capacity assessment index system,with the help of the analytic hierarchy process. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution algorithm was adopted for calculation and weighted superposition to obtain the comprehensive status of the bearing capacity in the study area and to make grade classification according to the result of the bearing capacity in the study area. The results show that the spatial distribution of geological environment,ecological environment and socio-economic carrying capacity of the study area is highly clustered,accounting for31.12% of the area suitable for the construction area,and31.98% of the reserve control area,36.79% of the area not suitable for construction. The triangle area being consisted of Yingxiu Town,Xuankou Town and Dujiangyan in the study area presents a large high-value clustering area with good comprehensive bearing capacity and high spatial concentration,which is conducive to planning and construction. The research results provide new idea for the accurate evaluation of regional carrying capacity and spatial pattern research,and will be useful for disaster prevention and mitigation work.