法律行为的合法性问题再探讨——以法律行为之效力来源为问题导向的分析

Further Discussion on Legality of Juridical Act:Problem-Oriented Analysis Based on Source of Validity of Juridical Act

我国民法理论中的法律行为合法性问题首先涉及法律行为的效力来源问题。认为“法律行为须合法才能有效意味着国家对私人自治的压制”的观点一般隐含了“私人意志—国家管制”的二元研究范式,但该范式并不能有效区分顺应内在制度的和压制内在制度的不同外在制度。理论上应该采用“法律行为—充分体现内在制度的外在制度—不体现内在制度的纯粹外在制度”这一研究范式来有效区分这两种外在制度。新的范式能够证成:在认可私法自治的法秩序中,法律行为生效要件中的大多数内容乃是内在制度的体现,而非国家管制私人自治的体现。据此,在一般情况下,“有效法律行为具备合法性本质”的命题反映了内在制度的要求,具有充分的正当性。

The legality of juridical act in Chinese civil law theory firstly involves the source of validity of juridical act.The viewpoint that“juridical act must be legal to be effective,which means the suppression of private autonomy by the state”generally implies a dual research paradigm of“private will-state regulation”,but this paradigm cannot effectively distinguish the different external systems that conform to the internal system and suppress the internal system.Theoretically,a new research model should be adopted to distinguish the two external systems effectively.The new paradigm can justify that in the legal order that recognizes the autonomy of private law,most of the contents of the effective elements of juridical act are the embodiment of the internal system.According to this,in general,the proposition that“effective juridical acts have the essence of legitimacy”reflects the requirements of the internal system and is fully justified.