400例原发性失眠患者的临床特点、生活质量及危险因素分析

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics,Life Quality and Risk Factors of 400 Patients with Primary Insomnia

目的:探究原发性失眠的临床特点、生活质量及可能的危险因素。方法:本研究为横断面研究,选取原发性失眠患者400例为病例组,另招募30例健康志愿者为对照组。采用个人信息调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、世界卫生组织生存质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中文版等进行评测。结果:400例失眠患者PSQI得分前三项因子为睡眠时间、入睡时间、主观睡眠质量;伴抑郁状态者占52%,伴焦虑状态者占57%,同时伴有抑郁焦虑者占42%。PSQI得分在性别上差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),在年龄、文化程度、社会交往范围、兴趣爱好、锻炼频率、饮酒量等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病例组与对照组在WHOQOL-BREF各因子得分方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PSQI总分与WHOQOLBREF各因子之间具有负相关性。结论:失眠患者多入睡困难、早醒、主观睡眠质量下降,伴有焦虑、抑郁的临床特点。高龄、文化程度高、社会交往范围窄、兴趣爱好少、饮酒量大及锻炼频率低是失眠可能的危险因素,失眠患者总体生活质量下降。

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics,life quality and its possible risk factors of primary insomnia.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study.A total of 400 patients with primary insomnia were selected as the patient group,and another 30 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.Personal information questionnaire,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale,Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),self-rating anxiety Scale(SAS)and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale(WHOQOL-BREF)Chinese version were used for evaluation.Results:The first three factors of PSQI score of 400 patients with insomnia were sleep time,time to fall asleep and subjective sleep quality.Patients with depression accounted for 52%,those with anxiety 57%,and those with depression and anxiety 42%.There was no statistically significant difference in PSQI scores between genders(P>0.05),and there were statistically significant differences in age,education level,social interaction range,hobbies,exercise frequency,and alcohol consumption(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the scores of WHOQOL-BREF factors between the patient group and the control group(P<0.05),and there was a negative correlation between the total PSQI score and the WHOQOL-BREF factors.Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of insomnia patients were difficulty falling asleep,early awakening,decreased subjective sleep quality,accompanied by anxiety and depression.Old age,high educational level,narrow range of social interaction,few interests and hobbies,large amount of alcohol consumption and low frequency of exercise were possible risk factors for insomnia and anxiety and depression,and the overall life quality of insomniacs decreased.