多产品出口企业、产品转换和出口学习效应

Multi-product Export Firms,Product Switching and Learning by Exporting

作为我国对外贸易的主要载体,多产品出口企业通过企业内产品转换进行资源配置,适应国际市场需求从而提升生产力。本文使用2000—2006年的中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库,考察了多产品制造业出口企业的产品转换情况,验证了增加产品对出口企业生产率的提升。本文研究发现,产品转换是企业内资源再配置的重要途径,近60%的出口企业发生了产品转换,多产品出口企业的经济表现系统性地优于单产品出口企业,多产品出口企业更偏向劳动密集型,增加出口产品行为会显著提升企业全要素生产率,其中学习效应在即期TFP提升中占到45%,累计TFP提升中可达到1.8%~8.4%。本文的研究结果对于理解我国制造业出口企业在中美贸易摩擦背景下展现出的韧性,以及进一步提升中国制造业出口产品竞争力具有重要意义。

As the main carrier of China’s foreign trade,multi-product export firms allocate resources through intra-firm product switching to meet the need of global market to improve productivity.Using the data of Chinese industrial database and customer database from 2000 to 2006,this paper investigated product switching in export firms and verified the productivity improvement of export firms by adding products.This paper finds that:1)Product switching is an important way of promoting the intra-firm resource reallocation,nearly 60% of the export firms switch their export product.2)The multi-product firms have better performance than single-product firms,and multi-product export firms are more labor-intensive.3)Adding export product will significantly improve their TFP,including learning by exporting effect accounts 45% at instant while 1.8%~8.4% improving in accumulated TFP.This paper has certain significance for understanding the resilience of China’s manufacturing export firms in the context of Sino-US trade friction and further improving the competitiveness of China’s manufacturing export products.