国家公园立法基本问题新探

New Exploration on the Legislation of National Parks

国家公园制度已经成为全世界公认的自然文化保护制度。我国国家公园制度发展相对滞后,现行国家公园立法存在立法理念单一、立法散乱且职能交叉堆叠等诸多弊端。我国国家公园立法宜秉持新时代"生态保护第一、国家代表性、全民公益性"国家公园立法新理念,借鉴行政法上的公物理论作为国家公园立法的理论基础,把国家公园定性为提供公共利用的公物,采用"框架立法、实施细则与技术导则相结合"的立法模式,在明确国家公园国有定位、类型化、事权统一的前提下,建立统一管理体制,妥善建构维护各方利益主体的权利保障机制。

National parks have become an important way to protect ecological resources and promote sustainable development in various countries of the world.The well established legal system of national parks is of great significance not only to the construction of ecological civilization and the construction of life community in China,but also to the transformation to the road of rule of law and the model of national governance.However,China has not yet well established a national park legal system,the existing relevant legislation has so much deficiencies such as having an outdate idea,legislation’s being scattered legislation and overlapping functions.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the nature of national parks,legislative ideas,legislation models and constructing rights of all stakeholders at the theoretical level,so as to provide strong theoretical support for national park legislation and the establishment of national park system.