我国最密切联系原则兜底适用的文本特质与实践展开

The Most Significant Relationship Doctrine As a Gap-filler in Chinese PIL-Act:Literal Features and Judicial Practice

我国法律适用法第二条第二款规定了最密切联系原则,也确立了最密切联系原则在该法中的兜底地位。从法教义学角度而言,法律适用法第二条第二款赋予了最密切联系原则兜底适用的隐逸性和谦抑性、自足性和独立性、补缺性和涵容性的内在特质,最密切联系原则应在这些特质中实现其兜底功能。从司法实践来看,最密切联系原则兜底适用不尽如人意,出现不真正兜底、不必要兜底、不适当兜底、不独立兜底等悖离最密切联系原则兜底本意的情况。后续司法解释应明确法律适用法第二条第二款的适用情形,强调"本法和其他法律对涉外民事关系的法律适用没有规定的"这一条件设定,并完善已有相关法律选择规范,使最密切联系原则的兜底功能在实践中正态展开、良性运行。

The Art.2(2)of Chinese PIL-Act establishes the gap-filling status of the most significant relationship doctrine.From the perspective of legal dogmatics,the most significant relationship doctrine as a gap-filler in Art.2(2)is reclusive and restraining,self-contained and independent,supplementary and inclusive,but an empirical study shows that untrue gap-filling,unnecessary gap-filling,improper gap-filling and dependent gap-filling are common in many judicial opinions,which departs from the original meaning of the most significant relationship doctrine as a gap-filler.The follow-up Judicial Interpretation should explain the circumstances under which the Art.2(2)will apply,and emphasize the condition under which the most significant relationship doctrine will be applicable,and perfect the related choice-of-law rules,therefore improve the enforcement of the most significant relationship doctrine as a gap-filler in Chinese courts.