甘蔗关键生育期不同施肥处理对土壤养分及酶活性的影响

Changes and Effects of Soil Physicochemical Properties and Soil Enzyme Activity in Different Growth Stages of Sugarcane

【目的】通过不同施肥处理,研究宿根甘蔗在不同生育期土壤养分及酶活性变化,比较甘蔗品质、产量及根系的差异性,选出最佳施肥方式,为科学种植甘蔗提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置有机肥和复合肥混施(ONPK)、缓释袋控(NPKD)、单施复合肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(O)、对照(CK)5个处理,观测在不同生育期内甘蔗的生理指标、土壤养分含量和酶活性并比较分析。【结果】ONPK处理与其他处理相比,蔗茎产量提高38.12%~76.59%,产糖量提高33.97%~80.42%;在甘蔗分蘖期,土壤养分含量最高,其中ONPK处理较其他施肥处理有显著差异(P<0.05)土壤的有机质,碱解氮,有效磷,速效钾含量比其他处理分别高1.94%~22.52%,6.54%~15.93%,3.26%~24.13%,11.79%~32.93%;土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶,酸性磷酸酶在成熟期最高,但在整个生育期变化差异不明显,ONPK处理的土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶,酸性磷酸酶显著高于其他处理,分别提高7.90%~28.13%,12.23%~20.06%,10.00%~46.67%;NPKD处理甘蔗产量和产糖量与其他处理相比没有显著优势,与其土壤养分含量变化范围一致,介于NPK处理和O处理之间,但是土壤酶活方面仅低于ONPK处理,土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶,酸性磷酸酶与其他三个处理相比分别提高2.70%~18.75%,5.14%~6.98%,33.33%~21.21%。【结论】有机肥和复合肥混施有助于促进促进甘蔗根系发育,提高甘蔗的产量和品质,改善土壤肥力和酶活性;缓释袋控施肥处理在一定程度上提高土壤酶活性。

【Objective】This experiment studied the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of funong 41 sugar cane in different growth stages under different fertilization conditions.Through the comparison of sugarcane yield and quality and root system,the optimal fertilization method was selected to provide theoretical basis for sugarcane to maintain and increase yield,improve soil fertility and optimize fertilization scheme.【Method】The experiments of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer(ONPK),slow release bag control(DNPK),single compound fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer(O)and no fertilizer(CK)five treatment were designed,and the sugarcane production quality and the length of root surface area,and the enzyme activity of soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed.【Result】Compared with other treatments,the yield of sugarcane stems increased by 38.12%-76.59%,and the sugar yield increased by 33.97%-80.42%,and promoting root growth;In sugarcane tillering stage,the soil nutrient content was the best,including ONPK treatment than other fertilizer treatment had significant difference(P<0.05)in soil organic matter,alkali-hydro nitrogen,available P,available K content than other treatment increased by 1.94%,22.52%,6.54%,15.93%,3.26%,24.13%,11.79%,32.93%;The differences of soil urease,sucrase and acid phosphatase were not obvious in the whole growth period,and the enzyme activity was the largest in the mature stage.However,the soil urease,sucrase and acid phosphatase treated by ONPK were significantly higher than other treatments,increasing by 7.90%-28.13%,12.23%-20.06%and 10%-46.67%;Compared with other treatments,the yield and sugar yield of sugarcane treated by NPKD had no significant advantage,which was consistent with the variation range of soil nutrient content between NPK treatment and O treatment,but the soil enzyme activity was only lower than that of ONPK treatment,and the soil urease,sucrase and acid phosphatase increased by 2.70%-18.75%,5.14%-6.98%and 33.33%-21.21%,respectively.【Conclusion】The mixed application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer can promote the development of sugarcane root system,improve the yield and quality of sugarcane,improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and enzyme activity,and improve the soil enzyme activity to a certain extent by slow-release bag controlled fertilization.