妊娠期糖尿病的预防时机及方法

Timing and Method of Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是常见的孕期并发症,随着生活方式的改变、超重/肥胖及高龄孕妇的增多,其发病率逐年增加,即使GDM孕妇孕中晚期血糖控制良好,不良妊娠结局及母子两代的代谢疾病发生风险依然较高,因此GDM的预防重于治疗。目前,关于GDM预防时机的研究包括孕中期、孕早期及孕前,预防的手段包括控制饮食、规律运动、多种生活方式联合干预以及药物的使用,但预防效果尚无一致结论。因此,关于干预的最佳时机以及有效的预防手段未来需进一步深入研究。

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a common complication during pregnancy.With the change of lifestyle,the increasing number of overweight/obesity and older pregnant women,the incidence of GDM has been rising annually.Even if the blood glucose of GDM pregnant women is well controlled in the middle and late stage of pregnancy,the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic diseases of mother and child is still high.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the prevention of GDM than the treatment.At present,studies on the timing of GDM prevention include the second trimester,the first trimester and pre-pregnancy.The means of prevention include diet control,regular exercise,multiple lifestyle joint intervention and medication.However,there is no consistent conclusion on the effect of the prevention.Therefore,the optimal timing for intervention and effective preventive measures need to be further studied in the future.