肝糖异生的调控机制及降糖药物的干预作用

Regulation Mechanism of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Intervention of Hypoglycemic Drugs

肝糖异生在维持人体内长期饥饿期间的葡萄糖稳态以满足能量需求方面起着至关重要的作用,是导致2型糖尿病发生的主要病理特征之一。肝糖异生反应在多种水平上受到调控,如翻译前调节、翻译后修饰、激素分泌。磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶被认为是肝糖异生途径的关键酶,它们的表达受体内多种转录因子的调控。目前已有部分降糖药物被发现通过调控肝糖异生反应发挥作用,深入研究肝糖异生调控机制,将有助于发现更特异的治疗靶点,从而促进新型降糖药物的开发。

Hepatic gluconeogenesis plays a vital role in maintaining glucose homeostasis during long-term starvation in the human body to meet energy requirements,and it′s one of the main pathological features leading to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Hepatic gluconeogenesis is regulated at various levels,such as pre-translational regulation,post-translational modification,and hormone secretion.Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase are considered as key enzymes in the hepatic gluconeogenesis pathway,and their expression receptors are regulated by a variety of transcription factors.At present,some hypoglycemic drugs have been found to play a role in regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis.Further in-depth research on the regulation mechanism of hepatic gluconeogenesis will help to find more specific therapeutic targets and promote the development of new hypoglycemic drugs.