1949年以来林业产业结构、空间布局及其演变机制

Forestry Industrial Structure,Spatial Distribution and Evolution Mechanism Since 1949

文章对新中国成立至今林业产业所取得的成就、发生巨大变化的原因进行了分析,并对林业产业未来发展的战略指导思想进行了理论思考。首先,对林业产业结构变化与空间演变进行了描述性分析。产业结构由单一的木材采运逐渐发展为营林生产、林产品加工制造、森林景观与生态服务等第一、第二、第三产业门类齐全和协调发展的格局。产业空间布局也发生了明显变化,由四大国有森工独大发展为多点支撑格局,第一产业完成了“西南”与“东北”之间、“国有林”与“集体林”之间、“人工林”与“天然林”之间的调换;第二产业在沿海地区形成了若干各具特色的产业集群;第三产业也在各省区因地制宜地迅猛发展起来。其次,提出了产业发展演变的机制框架。认为林业产业结构与空间演变是自上而下循环调节的结果,森林资源的变化促使国家从顶层设计上对林业定位进行调整,林业部门也相应提出政策措施;在政策推动下产业面临的内外部市场条件发生变化,进而引起产业结构与空间布局变化;森林资源在这种系统性变动下得以调节,又成为下一阶段国家战略与林业政策调整的依据。最后,分析了“两山理论”对林业产业发展的启示。认为“两山理论”不仅不是林业产业(尤其是林产工业)的发展掣肘,反而是指导林业产业走向经济产品-生态产品协调供给、经济价值-生态价值融合实现的科学指南。

This paper analyzes the achievements and the reasons for the great changes in the forestry industry since 1949,and gives theoretical consideration to the strategic guiding future development of the industry.Firstly,the change of forestry industrial structure and spatial evolution are analyzed.The industrial structure has developed from a single timber mining and transportation in the early days to a pattern of coordinated development of the primary,second and tertiary industries,including forest production,forest product processing and manufacturing,forest landscape and ecological services.The spatial layout of the industry has also undergone significant changes,from only four state-owned forest industry groups to enterprises all over the country.The primary industry has completed the exchange of“Southwest”and“Northeast”,“stateowned forest”and“collective forest”,“artificial forest”and“natural forest”.The secondary industry has formed several distinctive industrial clusters in the coastal areas.The tertiary industry also develops rapidly in various provinces and regions according to local conditions.Secondly,we put forward the mechanism framework of industrial development and evolution.We believe that the structure and spatial evolution of forestry industry are the result of top-down circular adjustment:the change of forest resources prompts the country to adjust the orientation of forestry from the top level design,and the forestry department puts forward corresponding policies and measures.The internal and external market conditions of the industry under the promotion of the policy change,and then cause the change of industrial structure and spatial distribution.Forest resources can be adjusted under such systematic changes and become the basis of national strategy and forestry policy adjustment in the next stage.Finally,the enlightenment of“two mountains theory”to the development of forestry industry is analyzed.We consider that“two mountains theory”is not only a constraint to the development of forestry industry(especially forest product industry).Instead,it is a scientific guide to the coordinated supply of economic product-ecological products and the realization of the integration of economic value-ecological value.