2019冠状病毒病患者照护护士工作体验的质性研究

Qualitative study on working experience of COVID-19 care nurses

目的:分析2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)患者一线照护护士的工作体验,为今后突发公共卫生事件的护理工作提供科学依据。方法:采用质性研究的描述性现象学法,通过目的抽样访谈22名COVID-19患者一线照护护士,所有资料均为笔录和录音,并整理成文,在Nvivo11.0软件辅助下运用Colaizzi七步法进行分类编码、节点建立、主题提炼。结果:提炼出两大主题,一为护士的积极感受,包括职业使命感、责任感和成就感,成长和能力的提升,强大的支持系统和被关爱的感动;二为护士的负性体验,包括担忧和焦虑(担心自身被感染或感染家人、经验不足而无法胜任工作、对未来的不确定感)、工作难度大及负荷重,隔离影响生活等。结论:在充分肯定护士工作价值的同时,需要社会、医院、患者对护士作出广泛而持续的支持、关爱与尊重,以激发护士的工作积极性和职业成就感。医院管理者需要落实各项保障工作,满足护士安全需求,注重护士身心健康,加强急危重症和传染病护理人才的培养,完善人力资源配置,增强重大卫生事件物资调配和储备能力,为今后应对公共卫生事件做好充足的准备。

Objective:To study the working experience of COVID-19 care nurses.Methods:Twenty two nurses taking care of COVID-19 patients were interviewed by means of descriptive phenomenology.All the data were transcribed and recorded,and then processed into WORD documents.The Colaizzi 7 footwork was used to classify,encode,establish nodes and extract themes based on Nvivo11.0 software.Results:Two main themes were extracted:one is the positive feelings of nurses,including the sense of professional mission and pride,the sense of achievement and happiness,the improvement of self-worth and ability,the powerful support system and the power of role models;the other is the negative experience of nurses,including the worry and anxiety at work,the lack of experience and trust,the difficulty of work,and the inconvenience of isolating life.Conclusions:While fully affirming the work value of nurses,it is necessary for the society,hospitals and patients to give extensive and continuous support,care and respect to nurses,so as to stimulate their working enthusiasm and sense of professional achievement.Hospital managers need to implement all kinds of security work,meet the safety needs of nurses,pay attention to the physical and mental health of nurses,strengthen the training of nursing talents for critical and severe diseases and infectious diseases,improve the allocation of human resources,and enhance the ability of material allocation and reserve for major health events,so as to make adequate preparations for coping with public health events in the future.