从《鲁滨孙漂流记》到《蓝色的海豚岛》看荒岛小说的嬗变

On the Changes of Desert Island Fiction:Robinson Crusoe and Island of the Blue Dolphins as Examples

丹尼尔·笛福1719年出版的《鲁滨孙漂流记》被视为英国荒岛小说的开山之作,从此,荒岛文学正式登上文坛。1960年,美国作家斯科特·奥台尔出版的《蓝色的海豚岛》确立了作者在世界儿童文学界的地位。对比两本荒岛小说可以看到:小说的主人公从男性变成了女性,小说中女性的形象从简单刻板变得独立丰满,人和自然、人和人之间的关系也随着社会的变化而改变着。文学作品折射出的时代精神和社会意识,也必然受到社会历史条件的影响和约束。从《鲁滨孙漂流记》到《蓝色的海豚岛》,随着时代的变迁,荒岛小说也随之发生变化。

Robinson Crusoe,published in 1719 by Daniel Defoe is regarded as the first desert island fiction of England and hence desert island fiction has been formally classified into a form of literature.In 1960,American writer Scott O′Dell published Island of the Blue Dolphins which has ensured the author′s position in the world′s children′s literature.Compare the two desert island novels and it is not difficult to see the changes:the protagonist has changed from a male to a female;women′s simple and stereotyped image has become well-rounded and the relationship between men and nature and the relationship among human beings are also different.Novels reflect the social spirit and consciousness of their age and are inevitably influenced and restrained by social and historical conditions.Thus,from Robinson Crusoe to Island of the Blue Dolphins,desert island fictions are changing with the development of the society.