从实证角度再议艺人肖像权侵权问题

Reanalysis of the Infringement of Artists'Portrait Right from an Empirical Perspective

艺人肖像往往与其商业价值和社会关注度密不可分,无论是否以营利为目的擅自使用艺人肖像,都会侵犯艺人的肖像权。随着网络信息传播效率的提高,艺人肖像权比过去更易受到侵犯,艺人肖像被侵权的方式也随之“迭代”,不再是单一利用呈现艺人全脸的形象制作实物广告和销售实体商品。2019年12月发布的《中华人民共和国民法典(草案)》对肖像权也做出了全新的规定。面对因侵犯艺人肖像权的行为方式“迭代”而产生的一些特殊问题,从实证研究角度重新梳理肖像权保护的“肖像”范畴,明确肖像权侵权构成要件,以及侵权行为对应的赔偿责任的确定方式,并据此完善肖像权保护的法律制度,无疑对保护艺人肖像权,规范使用艺人肖像的行为具有重要意义。

As public figures,artists′commercial value and social attention are closely related to their portraits.Using artists′portraits without their permission for commercial and any other purposes will infringe their rights.With the fast spread of information on the internet,artists′right of portraiture is more easily infringed than in the past.Additionally,the characteristics of artists′portraits and the ways of infringement have both changed accordingly.Infringement no longer means the use of artists′faces for traditional advertising or selling.On December 28,2019,the Civil Code(Draft)of the People′s Republic of China established new provisions on the right of portraiture.Undoubtedly,it is of great importance for the protection of portrait rights and the regulation of portrait use to redefine the category of"portrait"and to clarify the constituent elements of portrait right infringement and corresponding compensation liability for infringements from an empirical perspective.