我国城乡学前教育供给水平的省域差异及其影响因素

Interprovincial Differences in the Supply Level of Preschool Education in Urban and Rural China and Influencing Factors

利用熵值法、空间分析技术和多元统计分析方法,从总体、城区、镇区和乡村4个视角,综合评价和分析我国学前教育供给水平的省域分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明:我国学前教育供给水平存在明显的省域差异,乡村学前教育供给水平的省域差异最大。总体、城区、镇区和乡村学前教育的供给水平没有表现出明显的东部、中部和西部的区域性分布格局,但东部和西部地区的省域差异程度均比中部地区的大。我国学前教育总体供给水平主要受人均地区生产总值和当地政府努力程度的影响,城区学前教育供给水平主要受政府努力程度的影响,镇区学前教育供给水平主要受人均地区生产总值的影响,乡村学前教育供给水平的主要影响因素是政府投入水平、人均地区生产总值和财政补助比重。为推进城乡学前教育省域均衡供给,应加大中央财政对薄弱省区的转移支付力度、强化省级政府对学前教育的统筹责任、加强乡村学前教育的投入水平。

Using entropy method,spatial analysis technology and multivariate statistical analysis,the provincial and regional distribution patterns of the supply level of preschool education in China and their influencing factors were evaluated and analyzed from four perspectives:overall,urban,township and rural.The results showed that there are obvious provincial differences in the supply level of pre-school education in China,with the largest provincial differences in the rural.There was no obvious regional agglomeration distribution pattern among the east,central and western regions,but both the eastern and western regions have a greater degree of provincial variation than in the central region.Generally,the overall supply level of preschool education in China is mainly affected by the per capita GDP and the efforts of local governments,the supply level of preschool education in urban areas is mainly affected by the efforts of the government,the supply level of preschool education in towns is mainly affected by the per capita GDP,and the supply level of preschool education in rural areas is mainly affected by the level of government investment,the per capita GDP and the proportion of financial subsidies.Therefore,in order to promote a balanced supply of preschool education in urban and rural areas,the central government′s support for weak provinces should be increased,the provincial government′s overall responsibility for preschool education should be strengthened,and the level of investment in rural preschool education should be improved.