基于GIS的塞罕坝森林视觉景观质量评价

GIS-based Evaluation of Forest Visual Landscape Quality of Saihanba Forest Farm

在森林多功能经营背景下,森林视觉景观质量评价可以帮助林场确定视觉景观高质量区域,以保护视觉景观,避免其与森林经营之间的冲突。以塞罕坝机械林场为对象,利用森林资源二类调查数据、DEM等数据,基于GIS的空间综合评价方法,构建森林视觉景观质量(FVLQ)评价指标体系,包括可视性、风景质量和视觉吸收能力3个一级指标,以及视觉几率、距离区、独特性、自然性、多样性、坡度、坡向、高程、植被丰富度、与水体的距离10个二级指标,并对塞罕坝机械林场森林视觉景观质量进行了评价和制图。结果表明,塞罕坝森林视觉景观质量(FVLQ)高、中、低区域所占面积百分比分别为4.1%、36.5%、59.4%;高FVLQ区域在坝上高原不仅集中分布在景点及其周边、游憩道路两侧,还包括一些远离道路和景点的区域,如头道沟至七道沟区域;在坝下山地则分散分布;总体上高FVLQ区域的面积随着与景点和游憩道路的距离增加而减少。研究建立了景观尺度上的森林视觉景观质量评价方法,评价结果为塞罕坝机械林场确定以视觉景观保护为主要目标的多功能经营区域边界提供依据。

Under the background of forest multi-functional management,forest visual landscape quality(FVLQ)assessment at landscape scale can help forest farms to identify high-quality areas of visual landscape to protect visual landscape and avoid the conflict between visual landscape protection and forest management.Taking Saihanba as an example,a quantitative evaluation system of FVLQ was established with 3 criteria,including visibility,scenic quality and visual absorption capability and 10 sub-criteria(visual probility,distance zone,uniqueness,naturalness,variety,slope,aspect,relief,the richness of vegetation,distance to water),using the GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation method and data from sources including inventory data for forest management planning,digital elevation model(DEM).The output was a FVLQ map of the study area.According to the result of evaluation of FVLQ,the study area was divided into three levels:high,medium and low,accounting for 4.1%,36.5%and 59.4%of the area,respectively.The areas with high FVLQ value in the pleatu were not only concentrated on scenic spots and surrounding areas,both sides of recreational roads,but also on the areas far from scenic spots and recreational roads,such as Toudao valey to Qidao valey.In the mountaineous areas they were scattered.In general,the area with high FVLQ value decreased with the increase of distance from scenic spots and roads.A multi-criteria evaluation method of forest visual landscape at the landcape scale was established.The evaluation results provided a basis for the determination of multi-functional management areas with visual landscape protection as the main objective in Saihanba mechanical Forest Farm.