重金属汞的抗体制备及免疫分析研究进展

Research progress in antibody developments and immunoassays for heavy metal mercury

重金属汞免疫检测方法具有操作简单、敏感性高等优点,可作为传统仪器检测的辅助工具,用于样品中汞浓度的高通量筛查。汞的半抗原、抗体和反应信号检测体系是汞免疫分析的关键。研究人员先后基于汞-螯合剂和汞-谷胱甘肽等半抗原,制备了不同性能的汞抗体,并构建了多种汞的快速免疫检测方法。本文从抗体制备角度,重点对汞半抗原结构设计以及抗体结合特性研究进行综述,同时对基于不同信号转换的免疫分析方法研究进展进行介绍,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。

Immunoassay for heavy metal mercury has the advantages of simple operation and high sensitivity,which can be used to screen the concentration of Hg in samples with high throughput and finally to be used as assistive tools for traditional instrument detection.Haptens,antibodies and responding signal detection systems of Hg are the key to Hg immunodetection.Based on the haptens of Hg-chelating agents and Hg-glutathione,the researchers have prepared mercury antibodies with different properties and constructed a variety of rapid immunoassays for mercury.In this paper,the structure design and antibody binding properties of mercury hapten were reviewed from the perspective of antibody preparation.Meanwhile,the research progress of immunoassay based on different signal transformation was introduced,and the future development trend was prospected as well.