美国太空安全战略转向及其对中国的影响

U.S.National Security Space Strategy Pivot and Its Implications for China

基于对美国太空安全战略转向的历史考察,可以为观察奥巴马政府后期和特朗普政府备战太空的合流提供一个长时段的参照视角。自20世纪70年代以来,美国就开始了太空安全战略的转向,在观念上体现为从太空“避风港”向太空作战领域的转变,在实践上体现为太空作战趋于体制化、条令化和常态化。在此意义上,奥巴马与特朗普在备战太空上的趋同并不意外,而且是势所必然。美国太空安全战略的转向不仅深刻改变了美军作战形态,推动美国太空军事化、太空武器化向纵深发展,而且刺激国际太空军备竞赛,冲击全球太空安全和战略稳定,并令中美太空安全关系、中美战略稳定和中国主权安全承压。美国太空安全战略转向仍是一个未竟的历程,国际社会应该积极开展太空外交,推进太空军控,为避免太空沦为下一个战场而努力。

Since the later years of the Obama administration,the United States has become more and more radical in military space affairs,and the decibel level regarding the possibilities for space to become the next battlefield and wars to extend into space is rising higher and higher.The author holds that the United States began“normalizing”and“operationalizing”space since late 1970s.Intellectually,space as a sanctuary free of war and weapons has been replaced by space as a warfighting domain.In this sense,the convergence of the Obama administration and Trump administration on preparing for a war is not a surprise.The establishment of the U.S.Space Force and the reestablishment of the U.S.Space Command in 2019 are logic steps of U.S.national security space strategy pivot which is not finished yet.The long U.S.National Security Space Strategy pivot not only poses great threat to space sustainability and international security,but also puts more pressure on strategic mutual trust between China and the United States.In order to prevent space from a descent into battlefield,the international community should work together to promote space diplomacy and space arms control.