家庭为中心的迁移及提高迁移者家庭福利的政策分析

Family-Centered Migration and Social Policies for Improving Migrants’Family Welfare

新世纪以来,家庭化迁移成为中国人口流动的主要态势。有关研究的关注点需要从重视劳动力迁移为主过渡到以家庭为中心的迁移研究。迁移者的家庭生活和迁移过程形成紧密的互动:一方面,迁移是内嵌于家庭体系和家庭过程之中的,“家庭理性”是迁移决策和迁移行为的重要决定机制;另一方面,迁移过程作用于家庭,可能造成家庭分离的增加,迁移作为生命事件也会影响家庭生命周期和家庭发展过程,从而对家庭成员的福利和发展产生影响。当前的社会政策多是基于劳动力迁移做出的,家庭迁移实际上很少进入相关政策制定者的视野。这就要求我们在进行相关公共政策的制定和制度建设时,要完善“家庭友好”的迁移政策,同时要注重迁移者家庭整体福利、家庭发展能力和应对风险能力的提升。

Migration in China shows a new trend of family migration,so that it is increasingly important to change the focus of migration studies from labor migration to family-related migration.There are close interactions between family life and migration.On one hand,people s migration process is imbedded within family cycles and influenced by family factors.On the other hand,migration has various impacts to family welfare and each family members long-term development.It is important to have a family-centered perspective on improving social policies in the context of massive migration in China,those include adopting family-friendly migration policies,and implementing social policies for improving migrants family welfare and family development.