王夫之对宋儒“寻孔颜乐处”的反思与发展

Wang Fuzhi’s Reflection and Development of Song ConfucianScholars’View on“Seeking Confucius and Yan Hui’s Happiness”

“寻孔颜乐处”是宋儒热议话题之一。周敦颐教二程“寻孔颜乐处”,二程道出“孔颜乐处”之意涵;朱熹继续探求“乐”之功夫,并与陆九渊在寻“孔颜乐处”的径路上产生分歧,出现了“博文约礼”与“克己复礼”功夫论的分野。王夫之指出孟子同于孔、颜,三圣一揆,其乐相同。其后,王夫之在学术史层面“及孟子之乐”,扩充了孟子乐处的意涵,并上溯张载,修正程朱、陆九渊内向收敛的寻乐功夫,代以身心与政事交养之径路。此外,在思想史层面,王夫之进一步加强对宋儒“道”优于“治”与以“道”屈“治”的反省,以纾解治统与道统之张力,为后世儒者寻“乐”别开生面。

It is one of the hot topics of Confucians in Song Dynasty to find Confucius and Yan Hui’s Happiness.Zhou Dunyi passed this topic to Cheng Brothers,and Cheng Brothers interpreted the meaning of it.Zhu Xi continued to explore the path to happiness,and disagreed with Lu Jiuyuan’s method,which resulted in the difference between“vigorously pursuing knowledge while scrupulously abiding by the rules of ritual”and“restrain yourself and return to the rites”.Wang Fuzhi pointed out that the happiness of Mencius was the same as that of Confucius and Yan Hui.Later,Wang Fuzhi not only reached the level of Mencius in the academic history,but he also expanded the meaning of Mencius’happiness by learning from Zhang Zai and revising Cheng Zhu school and Lu Jiuyuan’s efforts of looking for inner happiness,while replacing it with the method of combining body and mind with political affairs.In addition,on the level of ideological history,Wang Fuzhi further strengthened his introspection on the superiority of the Confucian orthodoxy compared with the empirical ruling to dissolve the tension between the empirical orthodoxy and the Confucian orthodoxy,which provided a new way for later Confucians to find happiness.