二战期间蒋介石对待中苏谈判的态度——以《蒋介石日记》为中心的考察

Chiang Kai-Shek’s Attitude towards Sino-Soviet Negotiations——“Chiang Kai-shek Diary”as the Center

二战期间的中苏谈判深刻地影响了战后中国政局的走向和未来的发展之路。其中蒋介石的态度左右着中苏谈判的进程。在谈判开始前,蒋对美苏“疑惧交加”;在谈判的第一阶段,“忍痛牺牲”;在第二阶段,自认“收放刚柔”。因为条约描绘了一幅国民党“中央政府”统一中国的蓝图,蒋介石对条约总体上是满意的。蒋虽然也担心美国出卖中国利益、苏联霸占中国利益,但在苏联出兵东北迫在眉睫之势下,他更担心苏联在没有条约约束的情况下同中共合作。因此从战后对中共斗争的角度,为维护国民党一党私利,蒋听从了美国的劝告,“忍痛牺牲”,同苏联达成妥协,结果严重损害了中国的主权和利益。

During the period of the comprehensive anti-Japanese War,the Sino-Soviet negotiation greatly influenced the future trend of China’s political situation and the future development of China.Before the beginning of the negotiation,Chiang had“mixed doubts and fears”towards the United States and the Soviet Union;in the first stage of the negotiation,he“endured the pain and sacrifice”;in the second stage,he confessed to“accept the hardness and softness”.It can be said that Chiang’s attitude determines the“success”of the Sino-Soviet negotiations.Chiang Kai-Shek was generally satisfied with the treaty,which depicted a blueprint for the“central government”of the Kuomintang to unify China after the war.Chiang Kai-Shek was also worried that the United States would betray China’s interests and that the Soviet Union would occupy China’s interests.However,under the situation that it was imperative for the Soviet Union to send troops to occupy the northeast,Chiang Kai-Shek and the Kuomintang was worried that the Soviet Union would cooperate with the Communist Party of China in the absence of treaty constraints.Therefore,from the perspective of the post-war struggle against the Communist Party of China,in order to safeguard one party’s private interests,Chiang followed the advice of the United States,“bear the pain and sacrifice”and reached a compromise with the Soviet Union,which seriously damaged China’s sovereignty and interests.