检察民事公益诉讼诉前程序之完善——以《关于检察公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》为切入点

On the Improvement of the Procedure Before the Civil PublicInterest Litigation——A Case Study of Interpretation of Several Issues on the Application of Law in PublicInterest Litigation Cases

作为检察民事公益诉讼的一项法定必经程序,检察民事公益诉讼诉前程序具有独特的价值功能。虽然《关于检察公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》对其进行了进一步完善,但诉前程序在司法实践中仍存诸多问题。究其原因,除适格主体起诉积极性较弱,其他适格主体回复督诉的期限规定略显僵硬,诉前程序启动条件与时间未明,检察机关督诉方式单一外,更为重要的是诉前程序与检察院提起民事公益诉讼未能实现有效衔接。唯有完善社会组织参与民事公益诉讼的激励机制,给予适格主体灵活的回复期限,明确诉前程序启动的条件及时间,采用多元督诉方式,加强程序衔接,方能使检察民事诉讼诉前程序更加规范与完善。

As a legal procedure,the pre-procedure of the civil public interest litigation has its unique value function.Although the Interpretation of Several Issues on the Application of Law in Public Interest Litigation Cases has further improved it,there is no denying that there are still many problems in the judicial practice.The reasons for this are:except that the competent subject has less enthusiasm for prosecution,the time limit for other competent subjects to reply to the supervisory action is a little stiff,the conditions and time for starting the pre-litigation procedure are unclear,and the procuratorial organ has a single supervisory action mode.What is more important is that the pre-litigation procedure and the procuratorate’s civil public interest litigation failed to achieve an effective link.Therefore,only to improve the incentive mechanism for social organizations to participate in civil public interest litigation,to give a qualified subject a flexible time limit for reply,and to clarify the conditions and time for starting the pre-litigation proced can we effectively improve the procedure before the civil public interest litigation.