树形改造对‘巨峰’葡萄叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响

Effects of Tree-shaped Transformation on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Kyoho’Grape

以设施栽培条件下的‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,比较"一"字形和高干倒伞形2种树形对葡萄叶片光合特性、果实品质的影响,以期为葡萄栽培中树形选择提供参考依据。结果表明:"一"字形能显著提高设施葡萄植株叶片光合特性,糖酸比显著提高,果实风味更佳,改善了果实品质。树形改造第2年产量降低明显,改造第3年产量大幅度提高但仍低于高干倒伞形,由于果实品质改善,出园单价提高,总体效益与对照差异不大。树形改造后第3年,与对照相比,"一"字形促进了巨峰葡萄叶片叶绿素合成,在花后76 d改造树形叶绿素总含量显著高于对照,提高了叶片光合性能,对照在11:00时午休现象较严重,"一"字树形增加了PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量Y(Ⅱ)和电子传递效率(ETR);增强了光合活性和光保护能力,提高了光化学淬灭系数(qP)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ);显著提高了果实可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量;糖酸比2年分别比对照提高了23.8%和47.4%;单粒质量和果皮花色苷含量差异不显著;改造树形显著降低了果实可滴定酸含量,2年分别比对照降低了13.6%和30.8%,抗坏血酸含量略有降低。

Using the‘Kyoho’grape under the condition of facility cultivation as material,the effect of two tree shapes of‘one’shape and high-dried inverted umbrella shape(commonly used in the local area,control)on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of grape leaves were compared,with a view to cultivation tree selection provided a theoretical basis.The results showed that the shape of‘one’could significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves of the grape plant,the sugar-acid ratio was significantly improved,the fruit flavor was better,and the fruit quality was improved.In the second year of tree transformation,the yield decreased significantly,and in the third year of transformation,the yield increased significantly but was still significantly lower than that of the high-dried inrerted umbrella shape.Due to the improvement of fruit quality and the increase of the unit price,the overall benefit was not significantly different from that of CK.In the third year after tree transformation,compared with the control,the‘Y’shape significantly promoted the chlorophyll synthesis of‘Kyoho’grape leaves.The total chlorophyll content of the transformed tree shape was significantly higher than the control 76 days after flowering,which improved the photosynthetic performance of the leaves.The lunch break was more serious at 11:00 noon,and the‘one’tree shape increased the actual photochemical quantum yield Y(Ⅱ)and electron transfer efficiency(ETR)of PSⅡ;it enhanced the photosynthetic activity and photoprotection ability,and increased the photochemical quenching coefficient.(qP)and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ);significantly increased the soluble solids content and soluble sugar content of the fruit;the sugar-acid ratio was increased by 23.8%and 47.4%compared with the control over two years;the single grain quality and the anthocyanin content of the peel.The difference was not significant;the transformation of the tree shape significantly reduced the titratable acid content of the fruit,which was 13.6%and 30.8%lower than the control in two years,and the ascorbic acid content was slightly reduced.