不同部位狭叶紫锥菊挥发性成分分析

Analysis of Volatile Components in Different Organs of Echinacea augustifolia

以云南省蒙自市引种狭叶紫锥菊的不同器官为试材,采用水蒸气蒸馏法测定其挥发油含量,并运用气质联用(GC-MS)技术结合顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)对狭叶紫锥菊各器官中的挥发性成分进行分析鉴定。结果表明:狭叶紫锥菊头状花序、叶、茎中挥发油含量显著高于传统入药部位根;不同器官挥发性成分组成不同,共鉴定出51种化合物,根、茎、叶、头状花序、花序梗各器官鉴定出的成分相对含量分别占其总挥发性成分的90.045%、89.642%、94.533%、97.933%和93.669%,总体以萜烯类、醇类和醛类物质为主;各器官中萜烯类成分的含量最高,分别为74.148%、65.391%、74.016%、85.609%和54.908%,且各器官萜烯类成分的组成不同。根中的萜烯类成分以1-十八烷烯最高,其次是β-石竹烯;茎、叶中的萜烯类成分均以β-石竹烯最高;头状花序中萜烯类成分以β-榄香烯最高,其次是α-律草烯;花序梗中萜烯类成分以大根香叶烯D最高,其次为石竹素。说明该地区可作为狭叶紫锥菊引种栽培生产基地;同时非传统入药部位叶、头状花序的挥发油含量和萜烯类相对含量均高于传统入药部位根,应考虑入药使用。

Determination of volatile oil contents in different organs of Echinacea augustifolia introduced in Mengzi City,Yunnan Province by steam distillation,and volatile components in the organs of Echinacea augustifolia were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME).The results showed the content of volatile oil in capitulum,leaf and stem of Echinacea augustifolia was significantly higher than that in roots of traditional medicinal parts.The composition of volatile compounds in different organs of Echinacea augustifolia was different,51 compounds were identified in total.The identified components in roots,stems,leaves,capitulum and peduncles accounted for 90.045%,89.642%,94.533%,97.933%,and 93.669%of their total volatile components,the main components were terpenes,alcohols and aldehydes.The relative contents of terpenes in each organ were the highest,being 74.148%、65.391%、74.016%、85.609%and 54.908%,respectively,and varies from organ to organ.The highest terpenes in roots were 1-octadecene,followed byβ-caryophyllene.In leaves and stems,the highest terpenes wereβ-caryophyllene,followed byα-humulene.The highest terpenes in capitulum were germacrene D,followed by caryophyllin.The study suggested that this area can be used as a production base for introduction and cultivation of Echinacea augustifolia.At the same time,the contents of volatile oil and terpenes in leaves and inflorescences of non-traditional medicinal parts were higher than those in roots of traditional medicinal parts,and should be considered for medicinal use.