西方消费人类学:回顾与反思

The Anthropology of Consumption in Western Countries:Review and Reflection

介入消费研究是人类学关注社会现实、回应社会关切的积极尝试。面对诸多学科对消费的不同认知,人类学家也从自身的角度提出了独特的理论见解。文章通过对西方人类学界参与消费研究历程的梳理,呈现出消费人类学研究发展脉络:从早期对特殊人群和特殊消费行为的自在关注,到20世纪70年代后期自觉地提倡"迈向消费人类学",再到20世纪80年代以后的蓬勃发展,以及当前对消费的解构研究。总体而言,西方消费人类学中有关商品、购物、时尚、品位等相关论题的研讨,已经并且继续会在整个社会科学界发挥影响。展望未来,西方消费人类学研究仍然在深化和拓展之中,并将继续向前发展。

Consumption research is an active attempt of anthropology to pay attention to social reality and respond to social concerns.Facing with the different cognition of consumption in many disciplines,anthropologists also put forward their unique theoretical views from their own discipline.Through a review on consumption research by Western anthropologists,the article presents the developmental process of the anthropology of consumption:from the early attention to special groups and special consumer behavior at ease,to advocating"towards to an anthropology of consumption"consciously in the late 1970 s,and then to the vigorous development of it after 1980 s,and the current research on deconstructing consumption.In general,the studies of commodity,shopping,fashion,taste and other related topics in Western anthropology have exerted and will continue to exert influence on the whole social scientific community.Looking forward to the future,the study on the anthropology of consumption in the West is still deepening and expanding,and will continue to develop.