纤维素基水油分离材料的研究现状

Review of oil-water separation materials based on cellulose

随着全球经济的快速发展,大量油性废水从人们的日常生活和工业中被排放出来,泄油事件也频繁发生,已造成严重的环境问题,因此油水分离材料的研究受到越来越多的关注。纤维素具有很好的生物降解性、生物相容性和力学性能,将纤维素纳米纤维、纤维素纳米晶、微晶纤维素等不同形态的纤维素通过功能化修饰后可以制备出具有优异水油分离效果的纤维素气凝胶、水油分离膜或改性纤维素滤纸;而直接对木材或棉纤维进行脱木素处理也可以得到高吸油性的水油分离材料。纤维素基水油分离材料不仅疏水性好且吸油倍率高,还具有可循环使用以及无二次污染等诸多优点。笔者介绍了近年来以天然生物质中的纤维素为基材构建各类水油分离材料的研究现状,并对不同类型水油分离材料的吸油疏水特性进行阐述,还对制备工艺过程中存在的问题以及未来的研究发展方向进行了展望。以天然纤维素为基体材料制备绿色环保功能型水油分离材料对于可持续发展具有重要的意义,而探索出更加绿色环保、制备工艺简单、低成本,且加工剩余物对环境不会造成二次污染的制备方法,并提高纤维素基水油分离材料的机械性能和重复使用性等是今后研究的重点。

With the rapid development of the global economy and industries,a large amount of oily wastewater is discharged from our daily life and industries.At the same time,the oil spills occurred more and more frequently.The oily wastewater and oil spills issues have caused very serious environmental problems.Therefore,the study of developing oil-water separation materials has attracted more and more attentions by many researchers.Cellulose has very good properties such as nice biodegradability,great biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties.Meanwhile,different types of cellulose have been used to produce oil-water separation materials.For example,cellulose nanofibers(CNF),cellulose nanocrystals(CNC),microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)and other different forms of cellulose can be manufactured and modified to produce cellulose aerogels,water oil separation membranes or modified cellulose filter paper.All these water oil separation materials are very helpful and effective for the separation of water and oil.In addition,when the lignin is removed from wood and only the cellulose skeleton remains,and then with chemical modification,the wood is also can be prepared to the oil-water separation material.In the meantime,cotton fibers can also be converted into the oil-water separation materials with high oil absorption capability.Therefore,the water-oil separation materials made from cellulose not only had good hydrophobicity and high oil absorption rate,but also owned many advantages such as the recyclable uses,no secondary pollution,etc.In this paper,the latest research status of various kinds of water-oil separation materials which all made from cellulose in recent years were summarized.The oil absorption and hydrophobicity characteristics of different types of water-oil separation materials were also expounded in the most contents.In the next part of paper,it was pointed out the existing problems in the oil-water preparation process and the future research.At the same time,the research orientations of oil water separation based on cellulose in the future were also proposed at the end of this paper.In conclusion,using natural cellulose as matrix material to prepare green and environmental functional water-oil separation material is of great significance for sustainable development.The preparation method of cellulose-based water-oil separation material should be more green,simple in preparation process and low in cost.In addition,the processing residue should not cause secondary pollution to the environment,and the cellulose-based water-oil separation material should be improved in the industrial applications.In the end,the mechanical properties and reusability are the focus of the future research.