凝聚态化学的研究对象与主要科学问题

Goals and Major Scientific Issues in Condensed Matter Chemistry

本文提出了"凝聚态化学(Condensed Matter Chemistry)"的概念,提出其研究对象是由传统化学上被视为反应主体的原子、离子以及分子等"基本粒子",藉"稳定的粘连关系"凝聚形成的具有特定组成、多层次结构与性质、功能的物质凝聚态。本文以固态为例,讨论了(1)凝聚态的多层次结构;(2)凝聚态的化学性质与化学反应;(3)凝聚态构筑化学中的前沿科学问题;(4)凝聚态化学中的高新表征方法与技术的发展与开拓。并对四个领域中的主要科学问题进行了比较深入的探讨,为进一步再认识传统化学,特别是对其中心问题,即化学反应的再认识提供了方向与基础,为开展"凝聚态的多层次结构-化学性质与化学反应-凝聚态物质的构筑定向合成与精准制备"三个方面的关系研究,总结规律与"分态"建立"凝聚态结构理论"与"凝聚态化学反应理论",建设"凝聚态化学"提供了科学体系与内容,并为进一步开展"凝聚态工程学"研究提供了前提与基础。

The concept of condensed matter chemistry is proposed as a new scientific discipline.It studies the composition,the multi-level structure,properties and chemical reactions of matters in condensed states formed via stable adhesions.This compares to the classical chemistry,which studies more localized issues,namely the properties of basic particles like atoms,ions and molecules and their electron-moving reactions.In this article,we use examples from solid state matters to illustrate cutting-edge research issues related to(1)the multi-level structures,(2)chemical properties and reactions,(3)constructive chemistry,and(4)novel characterization techniques of condensed matters.In-depth discussions regarding key scientific questions of the new discipline are presented,to set a stage enabling us to reexamine the core scientific issues in the classical chemistry,namely chemical reactions,in the new and larger context and to study the relationships among multi-level structures of condensed matters,chemical properties and reactions,and construction rational synthesis and precision preparation for materials in condensed matter states.The goals are to develop theories of"condensed matter organization"and"chemical reactions",leading to the full development of the science of condensed matter chemistry as well as condensed matter engineering.