凝聚态化学视角下的生物矿化

Biomineralization:A Condensed Matter Chemistry

凝聚态化学是研究凝聚态材料的合成、组分、结构、性能、相互作用及相关化学反应等多个领域的一门学科。近年来对生物矿物这种特殊的天然凝聚态材料不断深入的探索,极大扩展了凝聚态化学原有的研究视野。这些生物矿物常通过非经典的方式,在温和而复杂的体内甚至体外环境中形成;它们具有长期进化筛选出的跨尺度多级组织结构,充分利用了材料微观形态和不同凝聚态材料间的表、界面相互作用,因此具有非常优异的性能。本文通过分析生物矿物形成和转化过程中涉及的几种特殊机制,阐明真实环境条件下凝聚态材料合成和凝聚态化学反应的一些新特征。同时,还将介绍由生物矿物相关研究推动的凝聚态化学的实际应用。最后,对该领域未来需要解决的问题和重要发展方向做出展望。

Condensed matter chemistry deals with the synthesis,the composition,the structure,the property,the interaction and the chemical reaction of condensed matter.The research of an unusual type of natural condensed matter,biomineral,has greatly extended the scope of condensed matter chemistry.These biominerals are always grown via non-classical pathways under ambient but complex conditions.The well-designed hierarchical structures,which have evolved for millions of years,endow them with superior performance by taking advantage of the interfacial interactions between different condensed matters that comprise these biominerals.In this review,we elaborate some extraordinary mechanisms involved in the formation and transformation of biominerals,and analyze the new features of the syntheses and chemical reactions of condensed matters.We also introduce the applications of condensed matter chemistry supported by the research of biominerals.We conclude by proposing problems to be solve in the future and prospects of condensed matter chemistry research of biominerals.